(30-07-2020, 10:42 PM)Koen G Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (30-07-2020, 10:15 PM)Ahmet Ardıç Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.So, you can use that kind of word repetition to make any word plural in old Turkish. Which of the old European languages has such a characteristic seen? If you only think about this particular issue of diversity and frequency in this respect, you would not even want to compare with English. No way.
That is indeed the kind of systematic reduplication we are looking for. But how often does it appear in a text? Do they always say "book book" for "books", or is this use exceptional?
Hi Koen G,
In my opinion, Repetitions to make words plural were already about to disappear in the Old-Turkish period. Normally these would be expected on every page of VMS. However, the author of VMS uses both plural words and plural-suffixes together. However, we encounter these repetitions in every few pages. Of course, the only reason for word repetitions is not to make words plural.
However, of course, to make such a claim, I cannot only present my own personal opinions or inferences. For this reason, I give some sources here and you can get an idea of the reason and frequency of word repetitions.
Obviously, it is generally known that Turkish word repeats are more common than other languages. However, I have not yet come across a study comparing word repetitions between any Old European language and Old Turkish. One reason for this type of study not being is that word repetitions are not common in Old European languages.
> So, are there two different examples available to compare in same scale? <
Please think that, if binary repetitions were used to make words plural in any language, is it necessary to investigate the frequency of word repeats in that language?
But the resources I have shared here can give you an idea of this issue.
It is logical and wise to assume that binary repetitions of words are probably more than 10 thousand years old in our spoken language. Because this structure is based on a very primitive logic, probably the same word was repeated twice to express the plurality before the plural suffixes of words existed in any language of the first humans who are starts speaking with sentences.
In today's Turkish, our suffix, which makes the words plural, is the suffix '-ler', '-lar'. I can say that this structure was also seen in the Old Turkish period. However, when we consider the Pre-Turkish languages, here we see the 4 different word suffixes, which had been essentially makes any word plural.
The linguist Arif Cengiz Erman wrote the following article on this subject and stated: "There are four plural suffixes in Turkish language. These are suffixes -r, -n, -t and -z plural. Some linguists say that -gün / -ğun and -s are also plural suffixes. So that, there are six plural suffixes in total together. But it is obvious that -gün / -ğun plural suffix is a kind of spelling of -n plural suffix and -s plural suffix is a spelling of -z plural suffix." In other words, some of these are forms of living with derivative sound values in different dialects.
[
Source: <https://www.turkcenindirilisi.com/akademik/turk-dilinde-cogul-ekleri-arif-cengiz-erman-h6797.html>]
In other words, we know that the '-S' word-suffix, which makes the plural in English today, lives in the Pre-Turkish languages as '-Z' and as like its sound derivative '-S'. Although English and Turkish are languages of different structures, there are many common aspects that Western linguists do not realize.
Another problem is that the sources of information we have are mostly in Turkish. My English is insufficient to translate them correctly into English, but still the resources are diverse and I can give Turkish links to those, for who want more information.
For example, you can look at these
sources too.
[<https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/658a/65c3f1a32c168a1838c9bd7e85d46d8be6ef.pdf>] &
[<http://turkoloji.cu.edu.tr/ESKI%20TURK%20DILI/2.php>]
Reinforcement with word repetition also constitutes an important aspect of Turkish. Much work has been done on this reinforcement, which is met with repetition, renewal, twin words and similar terms. The repetitions used since the oldest texts of Turkish are still widely used in all dialects of Turkish today. Word repetitions undertake functions such as strengthening meaning and ensuring continuity in the sentence. In Turkish, repetitions are used to strengthen the meaning of the sentence and to provide the expression of plurality and continuity.
[Please see page 28 to 32 in this
source "DOCTORATE THESIS
By Birol İPEK / Fırat University Institute of Social Sciences Turkish Language and Literature Department 2009, Page: XV+809": <https://openaccess.firat.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11508/14622/240118.pdf?sequence=1>] ... etc...
Thanks,
Ahmet Ardıç
ATA Team Alberta
Note: In Turkey, linguists compare the word repetitions in manuscripts between Turkish dialects. I could not see a comparison with European languages.
Some
other sources about the issue:
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... etc ...