The Voynich Ninja

Full Version: 15thc perception on swallowtail merlons?
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(14-06-2026, 03:29 PM)Koen G Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.Entries are only added to the map when we are near-certain that they had swallowtail merlons by 1450. These are considered good evidence - that's kind of the whole idea of the map.

Coming back to Villalta, while the actual building is newer, the illustration in the book clearly indicates that it would have had swallow-tail merlons in the 15th century.
Back to the Piemonte:
[Image: 2026-06-15-16h57-52.png]
Pietro Azario, De bello canepiciano, 75v-76r. Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, cod. D. 269 inf.
The manuscript can be viewed here: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
Areli Marina, Associate Professor, Medieval Art and Architecture, Italian Architecture and Urbanism 1000-1600, describes these pictures as "a fantastical portrayal of the Canavese territory by Pietro Azario." 
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@Koen: Areli Marina teaches at the University of Kansas (previously Illinois-Urbana), and her recent project "Landscape, Dominion, and the Cartographic Imagination in Early Modern Italy (1300-1600)" might be of interest to us. Next time you talk to Lisa Fagin Davis, you can ask her if they know each other.

Pietro Azario (1312 – after 1367) was a notary in the service of the Visconti. He was born in Novara and lived in Borgomanero, Piemonte (close to Milan), but traveled extensively throughout Lombardy and the Piemonte as part of his employment. According to the author himself (folios 75r-75v*), the manuscript was written in Tortona, Province of Alessandria, though it included his notes from other places.
Francesco Cognasso's critical edition argues that Azario's chronicle takes on a pessimistic rather than propagandistic tone, reflecting Azario's firsthand experience of the unprecedented violence and social disintegration in Northern Italy following the Black Death. 
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*I will reproduce this passage in its entirety:
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Unfortunately, he did not translate the labels. Maybe someone here can help?
EDIT: added the text on You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. EDIT 2: corrected "index" to "iudex"
(15-06-2026, 03:57 PM)Pierre Dumont Himself Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.Unfortunately, he did not translate the labels. Maybe someone here can help?

Those two pages are amazing, thank you very much for sharing them, Pierre!

I think I can help, but I am not sure what you are asking. Finding the modern names of the listed places, or transcribing parts of the text (labels) that are missing?

EDIT: the labels in f.75v:
Monsferratus
Rocha Gasseni 
Pars superior Montis ferrati

I am not sure about the town at the center, it looks like "Capsa ville", but I don't know what that might be.

Left margin: Planicies Pedemontium

EDIT2: I see that "Casale Monferrato" is "Casà" in the local dialect. So Capsa could be that.
What about the labels on the next folio, above some of the buidings?
1. Perticha
2. Perlum
3. Pons [Pont?]
4. Telarum [Telario]
5. Comitum Valpurge
6. Comitum Sancti Martini
7. Comitum Maximi
8. Comitum Blandrate [Biandrate]
9. Comitum Mazadi [Mazzè]
10. Sanctus Zorzius
11. Comitum Sancti Martini
12. Salugia
13. Clavasium [Chivasso]
14. Garglavara? [Gargallo?]

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Outstanding work, thank you.
Next batch:
1. Torrazzo di Villarbase.
[Image: Torrazzo-di-Villarbasse.webp]
The swallowtail battlements were added in the early 15th century. A new palace was built nearby between 1420 and 1438, following which the tower was sold and never inhabited again. The new owner added a roof, which was only removed in 1974.
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2. Castello di Villar Dora
[Image: variant.jpg]
The official website of the Metropolitan City of Torino (corresponding to the former province) states that the castle was continuously renovated between the mid-14th and mid-15th centuries. it dates the swallowtail merlons and the decorations below them to a period before 1442, when the final renovations were ordered by the Count of Savoy. 
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3. Casaforte di Chianocco
[Image: casaforte%20Cavargna1.jpg?v=638658381576230958]
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Mario Cavargna makes a few interesting statements about this structure (pages 243-254):
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This is the first and only time I've seen someone mention archers shooting from the top of the merlons rather than the opening between them. In this case, the merlons are small enough to allow it.
4. The wall of Bussoleno, which still possessed swallowtail merlons in the late 19th century
[Image: 35096_ca_object_representations_media_16157_large.png]
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Carlo Nigra claims it was an imitation of the wall of Fénis.
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I admire your dedication and thoroughness, Pierre, you are singlehandedly revitalizing the map project.

Also I love that manuscript you found, the chaotic undulating landscape with all those castles and other details. When it comes to adding manuscripts to the map, we rarely if ever know the exact location. So I kind of spread them out over the region, in order to create the visual effect of a larger cluster on the map.

If I understand correctly, we don't know exactly where it was produced, but maybe it can be placed around Novara?
Thank you for the compliments. I was in fact inspired by your own diligence and persistence.

I had another look at the critical edition and it turns out he only wrote the first draft of the Lombard chronicle in Tortona, which he then revised in 1364 in Piacenza. The MS D 269 inf is assumed to have been copied from an original in poor condition. The copyist even mentions in a marginal  note that he could not understand a specific word. There is an undated signature on You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. belonging to a certain "Franciscus de Tonellis" (the Tonelli were Azario's protectors in Novara), and an inscription on f2r dated to the 14th century, saying:
 
Quote: "Iste liber est Ecclesie Sancti Nicolay Novarie, in
" quo continentur multa, que a modico tempore citra gesta sunt in partibus Lombardie,
" scripta per condam Petrum Azarium civem novariensem „ 

The manuscript subsequently traveled around Northen Italy for a few decades and was used by early 15th-century historians, then lost and rediscovered in 1683 in Novara. I assume it is safe to place it somewhere in the province. It is unclear which Church of Saint Nicholas was being referred to, but it could have been the 10th-century church in Borgomanero. Little is known about the life of Azario after the publlication of the chronicle.
According to f83v, the Canavese chronicle was completed on January 4th, 1363 in Terdona, so the two works likely appeared together in Azario's handwritten editions. The final two folios are a slightly later chapter on Venetian history written in the Venetian language. The drawing was therefore originally at the end of the manuscript.