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Month names collection / ...
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This Famous Medieval Book...
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List of "weird" vords
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Single Leg Gallows
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Switch System
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Two Crabs (Lobsters or Cr...
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I've deciphered the Voyni...
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| Suggestions for EVA |
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Posted by: nablator - 13-02-2023, 12:14 PM - Forum: Analysis of the text
- Replies (8)
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Hi René,
I have an unfinished transliteration with some non-standard notations that I could (maybe) make compatible with some flavor of the EVA format for sharing.
I used:
, for uncertain spaces: when the spacing is noticeably larger than in the rest of the word but smaller than a half-space
; for half-spaces: they are not uncertain, large enough to insert a i or small e
. for full spaces (as large as the previous glyph or close)
.; for large spaces, not as large as double spaces
.. for double spaces (as large as two previous glyphs)
/ and \ for (large) vertical offsets with less than a full horizontal space
[e] for the rare e under a gallows leg
+ for the possibly fused glyphs (with a common part): a+r instead of a', a+n instead of u, etc.
";" conflicts with the HTML-like "@number;" or maybe not, because ";" is not really necessary after @number for parsing so I omitted it.
"[e]" conflicts with the "[:]" notation, or maybe not, because there is no ":".
Any suggestions? Thanks.
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| Folio 43r |
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Posted by: Ruby Novacna - 11-02-2023, 01:55 PM - Forum: Voynich Talk
- Replies (4)
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While continuing to search for words containing the combination pch, I came across the word cheol!keepchy/ cheol.keepchy, which is unique in the text.
Could this word be the name of the plant?
I read this word as kianuph9 and find it quite similar to the word κεάν-ωθος - corn-thistle, Carduus arvensis.
I have not yet looked up the identifications of the plant made earlier.
It is true that in this reading one vowel and one consonant are not identical, however it may be a dialect that would pronounce omega as upsilon and theta as f?
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| Archive Proximity |
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Posted by: Mark Knowles - 10-02-2023, 01:33 PM - Forum: Voynich Talk
- Replies (6)
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I have bemoaned the fact that Voynich research seems to largely ignore the wealth of material in archives. I appreciate the fact that depending on where ones lives actually visiting an archive may be difficult or inconvenient at best and so online searching is much more convenient. However what percentage of material is available online; if my cipher experience is something to go by then maybe 10%, not more than 20%, which leaves 80+% unexplored. Traveling to another country to do archival research is expensive and time consuming, so not possible for many people. If one is fortunate enough to live near a major archive then the situation is different.
I am fortunate to live near the Bodleian library in Oxford, which is large archive and contains material from continental Europe from the time of Voynich. However someone living in Rome or Paris or Milan amongst other cities would be better placed than I am to find relevant material. I get the impression that the number of researchers living in such locations is very few. Why is that? It would be intriguing to see a map highlighting the most relevant and significant archives to Voynich research and a map showing the cities where Voynich researchers live.
I myself am seriously considering moving to Italy some day in the future as there is a lot more that I can do there than here.
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| k/t gallows reduplication |
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Posted by: nablator - 09-02-2023, 10:05 PM - Forum: Analysis of the text
- Replies (22)
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I don't remember reading about how the k/t gallows sequence compares to random and human-generated pseudo-random sequences. It is likely that I missed something, so please point me to any existing analysis.
There is a blog post by Emma May Smith but it does not discuss the reduplication statistics: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
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TLDR: The k/t gallows sequence is strongly biased toward reduplication; especially long sequences of the same k/t gallows in a row.
What is interesting about it is that human-generated pseudo-random sequences have a "tendency to overalternate between outcomes" documented in psychology studies. See for example: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and the referenced literature.
Why do we see the opposite tendency in the VMS?
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EVA-k is more frequent than EVA-t. In the ZL transliteration, in paragraphs only, there are:
k = 10096, probability(k) = pk = 62%
t = 6063, probability(t) = pt = 38%
In few cases of ambiguity, I kept the first: for example [k:t] = k.
With perfectly random independent draws, in any window of n letters of the k/t sequence, the probability of having:
n times k is pk^n
n times t is pt^n
The expected number of windows of n identical letters in the k/t sequence is the probability multiplied by the number of windows:
For k: (k+t-n+1)*pk^n
For t: (k+t-n+1)*pt^n
The expected numbers are ek, et (rounded), the actual numbers are ak, at:
n ek < ak et < at
2 6307 6956 2274 2924
3 3940 4938 853 1554
4 2461 3593 320 870
5 1538 2686 120 501
6 960 2029 45 300
7 600 1565 16 184
8 375 1214 6 117
9 234 950 2 76
10 146 752 0 50
11 91 595 0 32
12 57 465 0 21
Note: if you count kk... and tt... sequences with a text editor like Notepad++, the numbers will be lower, because it skips to the text following the matched pattern instead of doing a "rolling window" search.
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| The Voynich Manuscript:Decoded ( theory ) |
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Posted by: bi3mw - 07-02-2023, 03:45 PM - Forum: News
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A relatively new ( November 22, 2022 ) theory about the VMS. To me, this seems quite constructed, but everyone can make up his own mind.
The Voynich Manuscript: Decoded
Fletcher Crowe
Published: November 22, 2022
Abstract
The Voynich Manuscript (VM) is an illustrated codex hand-written in a unique writing
system whose pages have been carbon-dated to 1404-1438 CE.1 The document has
been studied by numerous cryptographers, but until this time no one has demonstrably
deciphered the text. The Voynich Manuscript has been called “The World’s Most Mysterious
Manuscript” and “The Book Nobody Can Read.” Sections of the manuscript appear to
deal with strange plants and flowers, naked women lounging in pools of water, celestial
bodies such as stars, the moon and the Sun, and kitchen spices and herbs. This research
shows that the strange Voynich symbols code for Arabic. An equivalency table between
Arabic letters and the Voynich characters is developed, and large sections of the Voynich
text are translated, including pages picturing flowers, stars, spices and women. A 600-word
dictionary of Arabic-Voynich-English was developed. Translation reveals that the text deals
exclusively with the Cathars, a religious heresy prominent in the south of France in the
12th – 13th centuries. A hypothesis is developed that the patron funding production of the
Voynich Manuscript may have been Alfonso V, king of Aragon/Catalonia and, King of
Naples.
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| Plain text of Voynich manuscript |
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Posted by: Addsamuels - 28-01-2023, 10:49 PM - Forum: Analysis of the text
- Replies (5)
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When visiting You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view., I noticed that the transcriptions didn't seem to be accessible for using calculations on as some of them seemed to be without text on relevant sections.
Does there exist a plain-text version of the Voynich Manuscript?
Regards,
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| Folio 8r |
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Posted by: Ruby Novacna - 27-01-2023, 05:59 PM - Forum: Voynich Talk
- Replies (20)
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Several attempts to identify the You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. plant from the picture have been made including on this forum.
Two years ago I suggested reading the words in line 19 shol.kaiin as You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. the name of the Scammony plant.
My proposition did not elicit any comments, so I'm reopening the discussion:
do you think the plant depicted can be scammony ?
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| The 'Arcaded' pattern |
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Posted by: R. Sale - 26-01-2023, 10:03 PM - Forum: Imagery
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Arcades have been discussed before. The term 'arcaded' has an architectural definition as series of arches interspersed by columns. This may be applied to an actual series of arches or to decorations added onto buildings or to patterns carved into stone. Arches were used a lot.
Then there is the matter of medieval artistic representations that have used this pattern. Quite a few. And one of these is De balneis Puteolanis, which has depictions of arcades nearly throughout. Arcades were associated with bathing architecture.
This pattern of a series of arches, also called arched notches or incised arches, was drawn as if carved into the side of a bathing pool occupied by the nine muses, as in The Book of the Queen.
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The VMs has bathers and arcaded architecture. However, the outside of a bathing pool is rarely shown. In You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. the representation is plain. In You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. the representation is plain in the foreground and arcaded in the back part. This is the only VMs pool with nine women bathers. There are various pools with seven, eight or ten bathers and with other numbers. There is only one VMs example with this arcaded pattern. The use of the pattern offers an independent confirmation that the nine VMs bathers should be seen as the nine Muses. Furthermore, the minimalization and color alteration in the VMs show the extent of intentional visual deception and at the same time, the essential necessity of having the pattern included in the illustration.
And certainly this is not the first connection to the era of Paris in the early 1400s, and the works of Christine de Pizan, and the Valois royalty of France. Right after the Muses of You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. comes Melusine on f79v. And Melusine of Luxembourg confirms the Valois connection.
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| Transliteration-related information |
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Posted by: ReneZ - 21-01-2023, 09:03 AM - Forum: Analysis of the text
- Replies (43)
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In this thread I will collect information related to updates of transliteration files and the corresponding tools.
Everyone is also welcome to ask questions, raise comments and report issues.
To start with, following are some recent updates already posted here.
As I posted You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. , the GC and ZL transliteration files have been improved to versions 1b and 2b respectively, to correct the page variable settings. There have been no changes to the actual transliterations.
Then, in the following message, I indicated that the same has been done for the other three files.
FG (output of the First Study Group) was improved to version 1d,
CD (the good old Currier transliteration) was improved to version 1a
and IT (the popular transliteration of Takeshi Takahashi) was improved to version 1a.
In the meantime, FG has been updated again to version 1e.
All changes were small, and did not affect the text.
As I am now working in this area, I have found several additional issues, or rather inconsistencies. As I sort these out, I will add the information here.
Probably more importantly, I recently reported an update to ivtt (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.).
While that fixed a bug, it introduced a new one, which has now also been fixed, so ivtt version 1.3 is now available You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. .
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