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| A thousand thousand, a million million |
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Posted by: Arichichi - 27-02-2023, 10:59 AM - Forum: Analysis of the text
- Replies (1)
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Hey,
Has anyone explored the idea that sequences that retreat themselves in a row in the Voynich MS might actually be numbers, or at least some of them? Whereby they would express things like a thousand thousand or a million million, or maybe even a ten ten, if Voynichese doesn't have a word for a hundred? I don't know of any hypothesis around this and I'm not sure how to study this aspect. Knowing that I can extract them, what could be the next step to explore this idea?
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| Three numerical systems |
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Posted by: R. Sale - 25-02-2023, 09:21 PM - Forum: Analysis of the text
- Replies (4)
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There are three systems of numerical interpretation that can be applied to the VMs glyphs. The systems used are the Greek, Roman, and medieval numerical systems and their symbol sets. The location where this is seen is in VMs f57v, in the circular band known as the '4 by 17 symbol sequence', and is focused on the first five symbols in that sequence, which are known in EVA as o, l, d, r, and v.
Beginning with the fifth symbol, the VMs glyph has the form of an inverted 'v'. In Greek this would be lambda. In the Roman interpretation it could also be a letter or a number written upside down. In the set of medieval numerical symbols as seen on Typus Arithmetica, this is the numeral for seven. While visual interpretations probably need to be seen as subjective, there is obviously reason to agree with these well-known possibilities. Still the question remains whether these symbols can be evaluated by subjective interpretations.
So, the VMs provides further proof. In the VMs system, the first glyph is comparable to the letter omicron in the Greek alphabet. The presence of three intervening symbols between lambda and omicron is correct in the Greek system, as is the ability to read in either direction.
Likewise, the second symbol in the VMs system is comparable to the numeral for four in the medieval system and the placement relationship between 4 and 7 shows the expected two spaces in the proper direction.
Finally, in the Roman system, the fifth VMs symbol might be the Roman numeral for five, inverted and located in place of the *fifth* VMs glyph. Five in the fifth position.
In each case, the visual interpretation of the VMs glyph is supported by a positional component. That is, each subjective, visual interpretation is supported by an objective, positional confirmation in the relevant system. All three systems of interpretation run along the same set of VMS glyphs. I believe this is a deliberate construction in need of further investigation - a puzzle in need of a solution.
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| Any chance for nomenclator? |
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Posted by: Anton - 25-02-2023, 12:36 AM - Forum: Analysis of the text
- Replies (18)
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Two arguments against the nomenclator cipher hypothesis that I have met with in discussions were:
1) It would be unusual to encipher a whole book in such manner
2) It would require a huge nomenclator to encipher a volume of this size
Considering argument #1, I think that the VMS is cryptologically unusual (if not unique) anyway, so the argument of unusualness-to-be does not look a strong one to me.
Considering argument #2, I tried to estimate the size of the nomenclator, assuming what is supposedly the worst-case scenario (OK, upon further consideration it is not the worst case of course, but let's say, a "worse case") - namely, that each unique plain text word is matched to a unique vord.
According to voynich.nu, the vocabulary of the VMS is comprised of ~8100 unique vords. That would be the size of the nomenclator in question. However, the nomenclator must contain not only vords, but also their translations into words. This way, the amount of tokens in the nomenclator doubles and results in 8100 x 2 = 16200.
What folio space would be required to hold that many of tokens? This we can deduce from Q20 which presents a convenient example of folio space filled almost exclusively with text, without drawings. 23 pages of Q20 (excluding the mostly empty f116v) contain circa 10700 vords. This means the average density of 10700/23 = 470 vords per page. Let's even assume a 30% margin for breaking text into columns, leaving more free space or increasing the letter size for better legibility etc. This yields the density of 470 x 0.7 = 330 vords per page. Assuming this density for the nomenclator space, 16200 tokens will occupy 49 pages or (regarding a "folio" in this case as a two-sided sheet) 49/2 = 25 folios. This is roughly two quires of the size of the present state of Q20 (without the missing folios). In the relative figures, this would be a (234 + 49)/234 = 21% increase in the total "thickness" of the MS.
The figures look significant but not like impossible.
This calculation implicitly assumes roughly equal average token length both for plain text and cipher text, but this would not be something unexpected judging by the average vord length.
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| A priori or A posteriori cracking? |
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Posted by: Arichichi - 23-02-2023, 03:46 PM - Forum: Analysis of the text
- Replies (9)
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Which is better for cracking the Voynich Manuscript? Thinking that a certain page talks about what is displayed in the page? Or thinking that it has no specific meaning relative to the featured pictures in the page? To rephrase my question, I want to know whether the cryptologists that deal with languages have ever tried to crack natural languages without a priori knowledge, just to test how strong their methods are. For example, has anyone tried to learn Korean or a similar language by studying a random Korean book and relying only on that book just to test the effectiveness of the code breaking methods that he relies on?
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Division of Voynich manuscript into 5 parts |
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Posted by: Addsamuels - 19-02-2023, 08:11 PM - Forum: Analysis of the text
- Replies (4)
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How do you categorise the voynich manuscript?
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René Z writes these categories.
Also I would like the folio numbers too.
Regards,
I have the Currier A and B dichotomy and You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. helped greatly.
[PS: a lot of my textual analysis is useless and thus no results are being published]
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| Suggestions for EVA |
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Posted by: nablator - 13-02-2023, 12:14 PM - Forum: Analysis of the text
- Replies (8)
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Hi René,
I have an unfinished transliteration with some non-standard notations that I could (maybe) make compatible with some flavor of the EVA format for sharing.
I used:
, for uncertain spaces: when the spacing is noticeably larger than in the rest of the word but smaller than a half-space
; for half-spaces: they are not uncertain, large enough to insert a i or small e
. for full spaces (as large as the previous glyph or close)
.; for large spaces, not as large as double spaces
.. for double spaces (as large as two previous glyphs)
/ and \ for (large) vertical offsets with less than a full horizontal space
[e] for the rare e under a gallows leg
+ for the possibly fused glyphs (with a common part): a+r instead of a', a+n instead of u, etc.
";" conflicts with the HTML-like "@number;" or maybe not, because ";" is not really necessary after @number for parsing so I omitted it.
"[e]" conflicts with the "[:]" notation, or maybe not, because there is no ":".
Any suggestions? Thanks.
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