• Options
• Login
• Desktop Style

Ruby's Greek Thread

• Index

  • The Voynich Ninja
  • Voynich Research
  • Theories & Solutions
  • Ruby's Greek Thread
• Ruby's Greek Thread

• RE: Ruby's Greek Thread

  Ruby Novacna > 28-09-2026, 09:13 AM

  Words EVA t(ch)e(e)-
  In this post, I will examine 17 words starting with t(ch)e(e)-:
  

  1. tcheeos (1),
     
  2. tcheey (6),
     
  3. tcheol (6),
     
  4. tcheor (3),
     
  5. tcheos (2),
     
  6. tchey (22),
     
  7. teaiin (1),
     
  8. tear (2),
     
  9. teear (1),
     
  10. teeol (5),
      
  11. teeor (1),
      
  12. teeos (2),
      
  13. teey (20),
      
  14. teol (15),
      
  15. teols (1),
      
  16. teos (1),
      
  17. tey (10).
      

  The word tear can be :
  

  1. Βίας, proper noun, e.g. Βίας o Πριηνεύς – Bias, one of the Seven Sages of Greece from Priene, living in the 6th century;
     
  2. βίας, gen of βία – bodily strength, force; act of violence; in Att. law, rape; =Lat. vis;
     
  3. βιᾶς, pres ind act 2nd sg (dor) of βιάω – constrain;
     
  4. βιᾶς, fut ind act 2nd sg (dor) of βιάζω – constraint; make good, suffice to discharge a debt.
     

  The words tchey and tey can have several meanings:
  

  1. βέῃ, 2nd sg fut ind mid/ 3rd sg aor subj act of βαίνω – walk, step; go away, depart; come;
     
  2. βέῃ, 2nd sg fut ind mp of βέομαι – subj. used as fut – I shall live;
     
  3. βίη, Epic, Ionic of βία;
     
  4. βίη, pres imperat act 2nd sg (dor)/ imperf ind act 3rd sg (homeric, ionic) of βιάω;
     
  5. βίης, pres ind act 2nd sg of βιάω;
     
  6. βίος – life, i. e. not animal life (ζωή), but mode of life; manner of living (mostly therefore of men, but also of animals; lifetime; livelihood, means of living; the world we live in, ‘the world’; settled life, almost, =abode; a life, biography; caste; wine made from partly dried unripe grapes; Astrol., the second region;
     
  7. βῐός – a bow;
     
  8. ϝέος (dor.), gen – of him, her, it;
     
  9. for bias see tear.
     

  For the words tcheor, tcheos, and teos, we can choose meanings from among βίος, βῐός and ϝέος.
  The words tcheeos, teeor, and teeos can be equivalent to the words tcheor, tcheos and teos.
  The word teaiin can be:
  

  1. Βίων, proper noun, e.g. Βίων ὁ Ἀβδηρίτης – Bion of Abdera (c. 430 – 370 BC), a Greek mathematician and astronomer of Abdera, Thrace, and a pupil of Democritus. Strabo refers to him as an astrologer;
     
  2. βιῶν, gen pl of βία;
     
  3. βιῶν, gen pl of βίος;
     
  4. βιῶν, gen pl of βῐός;
     
  5. βιῶν, pres part act masc of βιάω;
     
  6. βῐῶν, part pres masc of βιόω – live, pass one’s life (opp. ζάω, live, exist); survive.
     

  The words tcheol, teol and teeol – βιοῖ :
  

  1. pl of βίος;
     
  2. pl of βιός;
     
  3. pres opt act 3rd sg of βιάω;
     
  4. pres ind act 3rd sg/ pres ind mp 2nd sg/ pres opt act 3rd sg of βιόω.
     

  The word teols could be biois or bias:
  

  1. βίοις, pl dat of βίος;
     
  2. βιοῖς, pl dat of βιός;
     
  3. βιοῖς, pres opt act 2nd sg of βιάω;
     
  4. βιοῖς, pres ind/subj/ opt act 2nd sg of βιόω;
     
  5. for bias see tear.
     

  The word teear : βύας – eagle-owl, Strix bubo.
  The words tcheey and teey : βύας. See also the words tchey and tey.

• RE: Ruby's Greek Thread

  Ruby Novacna > 01-10-2026, 08:24 AM

  Words EVA cheor.ch-
  Years ago I suggested reading the word cheor,chey of 5r as the Greek word You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  This is the only word beginning with cheor,ch- that is transcribed by ZL with a comma.
  However, there are several words cheor.ch-, separated by well-defined spaces, which could also form Greek words related to cheor,chey:
  

  1. cheor.chear (1),
     
  2. cheor.cheey (3),
     
  3. cheor,chey (1)/ cheor.chey (4),
     
  4. cheor.chodaiin (1),
     
  5. cheor.chol (2),
     
  6. cheor.chy (1).
     

  The words cheor.chear can form the word γεωργίας, fem sg gen /pl acc of γεωργία – tillage, agriculture, farming; in pl. farms, tilled land; metaph., source of income.
  The words cheor.cheey, cheor,chey and cheor.chey can transcribe the words:

  • Γεώργιος, proper noun,
    
  • γεωργίας.
    

  The words cheor.chodaiin are well suited to γεωργώδων, gen pl of γεωργώδης, ης, ες – agricultural, rustic.
  The words cheor.chy can refer to γεωργός, ός, όν – tilling the ground, fertilizing (Νεῖλος); as Subst., γεωργός, ὁ, husbandman.
  The words cheor.chol can mean γεωργοί, pl masc/fem of γεωργός.

• RE: Ruby's Greek Thread

  Ruby Novacna > 05-10-2026, 09:56 AM

  Words che(e)f(ch)a(/o)l-
  Today, I am examining words beginning with che(e)f(ch)a(/o)l- to see if they might be related:
  

  1. cheef,alaiin (1) B,
     
  2. chefalchhs (1) B,
     
  3. chefal.daiin (1) B,
     
  4. chefchol.or (1) B,
     
  5. chefol,y (1) A.
     

  All five words are unique within the text; only one belongs to language A.
  Ten years ago, I read the words por,aiin.chefol,y (ZL) / por.aiin.chefoly (T), on page 102r2.1, as You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view., which made me think of porrum cĭbulla – leek chive.
  
  
  As time goes by, my reading has changed; currently I read the same words as poraun kifol9.
  The word kifol9 may be κεφαλη or a related word, such as κεφαλας, κεφαλις or κεφαλος:

  • κεφᾰλή – head; periphr. for the whole person; life; of things, extremity; (Medieval) a provincial governor;
    
  • κεφᾰλᾱ́ς, gen sg dor /acc pl of κεφᾰλή;
    
  • κεφαλᾶς (Byz) – head, leader, commander; (Gr) – who has a big head;
    
  • Κεφαλάς, proper noun, e.g. Constantine Kephalas, a Byzantine scholar known as the compiler of the Greek Anthology;
    
  • κεφᾰλίς, Dim. of κεφαλή, little head (about things only);
    
  • κέφᾰλος – a kind of fish, Cephalus mullet;
    
  • Κέφαλος, proper noun, e.g. Cephalus, a character from Greek mythology.
    

  
  The word chefalchhs (ZL)/ chefalas (T), on page 34r.10, can be kefalas – κεφαλας.
  
  
  If we read the words chefchol.or on 31v.6 together, they can give the word kifholor for κέφᾰλος.
  
  
  The word cheef,alaiin, which follows the words chefchol.or on f31v.6,could well be κεφαλών, if it were written with a single e:

  • fan-palm, Chamaerops humilis;
    
  • = κεφαλωτόν – with a head, headed; of plants with a head;
    
  • gen pl of κέφαλος;
    
  • gen pl of κεφαλή.
    

  However, with the two e, we should perhaps consider the word κυφάλων, gen of κύφαλα =κύμβαλα – the cymbals.
  
  
  I found nothing conclusive for the words chefal.daiin, and as these words are followed by dg, it might be better to read chefal separately and in that case, it will be part of another group of words to be analyzed later.

• RE: Ruby's Greek Thread

  Ruby Novacna > 08-10-2026, 09:59 AM

  Words EVA oral-
  In this post I will examine five words beginning with oral-:
  

  1. oralar (1) A,
     
  2. oralas (1) A,
     
  3. oralody (1) B,
     
  4. oraloly (1) A,
     
  5. oraly (2) ?/B.
     

  
  The word oralas, dralas in Takahashi, serves as a label for a pharmacy jar on page 99v.
  
  I am currently considering several reading variants for the vowels:

  • o – ο, ω, α;
    
  • al – αλ, αι;
    
  • ol – ολ, οι, α.
    

  I begin, as usual, with the word ending in -y, which could transcribe, in my opinion, -η, -ας, -ες, -ης, -ις, -ος etc.
  The word oraly can be read as:
  

  1. ὁραῖος – of a boundary;
     
  2. ὡραῖος, adj. – produced at the right season, seasonable, timely: esp. of the fruits of the earth; the campaigning-season, during which the troops kept the field; happening or done in due season, seasonable; metaph., seasonable, due, proper; of persons, seasonable or ripe for a thing; in reference to age, in the prime of life, youthful, hence in the bloom of youth; generally, of things, beautiful, graceful;
     
  3. ὡραίη, fem epic of ὡραῖος;
     
  4. ὡραίας, fem gen sg/ acc pl of ὡραῖος, adj.;
     
  5. ὡραίας, gen sg/ acc pl of ὡραία, ἡ, subst. – harvest-time, esp. the twenty days before and twenty days after the rising of the dog-star;
     
  6. ὡραίας, acc of ὡραῖα (τὰ) = τὰ καταμήνια, esp. at their first appearance – menses of women;
     
  7. ἀραῖος – Pass., prayed to or entreated; prayed against, accursed; Act., cursing, bringing mischief upon;
     
  8. ἀραιός – thin, narrow, slight, slender, Lat. tenuis; of the substance of bodies, of loose texture; in Tactics, in open order; intermittent; scanty, few and far between.
     

  The words oralar and oralas can be equivalent and mean:
  

  1. ὁραίας, fem gen sg/acc pl of ὁραῖος;
     
  2. ὡραίας, fem gen sg/ acc pl of ὡραῖος;
     
  3. ὡραίας, gen sg/ acc pl of ὡραία, ἡ, subst.;
     
  4. ὡραίας, acc of ὡραῖα (τὰ) = τὰ καταμήνια;
     
  5. ἀραίας, fem gen sg/ acc pl of ἀραῖος;
     
  6. ᾰ̓ραιᾶς, fem gen sg/ acc pl of ἀραιός.
     

  The word oraloly can be:
  

  1. ὁραίαις, fem dat pl of ὁραῖος;
     
  2. ὡραίαις, fem dat pl of ὡραῖος;
     
  3. ἀραίαις, fem dat pl of ἀραῖος;
     
  4. ᾰ̓ραιαῖς, fem dat pl of ἀραιός.
     

  The word oralody (or.alody in Takahashi) can be:
  

  1. ὡραιότης, ἡ – the ripeness of the fruits of the year; the bloom of youth, beauty;
     
  2. ἀραιόδους, οντος, ὁ, ἡ – with thin-set teeth;
     
  3. ἀραιότης, ητος, ἡ – looseness of substance, porousness, rarity.
     

  
  Of all these proposals, could the word ὡραίας, acc of ὡραῖα = καταμήνια, be written on a pharmacy jar?

• RE: Ruby's Greek Thread

  Ruby Novacna > Yesterday, 09:30 AM

  Words chola(/o)- and choly
  In this post I will examine the word choly and some words beginning with chola(/o)-:
  

  1. cholaiin (4),
     
  2. cholal (3),
     
  3. cholaly (1),
     
  4. cholar (2),
     
  5. cholol (1),
     
  6. cholols (2),
     
  7. cholor (6),
     
  8. choly (15).
     

  The words cholor and choly can be the basis for the other words in the list:
  

  1. κωλῆ, ἡἡ – thighbone with the flesh on it, ham, esp. of a swine; the portion of the priestess at a sacrifice; membrum virile;
     
  2. χολή, ἡ – gall, bile; metaph., bile, gall, i. e. bitter anger, wrath; ink of the cuttle-fish; =Hebr. rôsh, a poisonous plant, variously called hemlock or poppy; serpent’s venom; bitter drink;
     
  3. κόλος, ος, ον – docked; of oxen, stump-horned or hornless;
     
  4. κόλος, ὁ – a kind of goat without horns;
     
  5. χόλος, ὁ – rarely in physical sense, gall, bile; generally, metaph., gall, bitter anger, wrath; bitterness; cause of anger; serpent’s venom;
     
  6. χωλός, ή, όν – lame in the feet, halting, limping; metaph., defective; of metre, esp. of the χωλίαμβος, halting.
     

  The word cholol can be the plural of cholor or choly:
  

  1. κόλοι, plural of κόλος,
     
  2. χωλοί, plural of χωλός.
     

  The word cholal would be plural of choly:
  

  1. κωλαῖ, dat dor/ pl of κωλῆ,
     
  2. χολαί, pl of χολή,
     
  3. χωλαί, dat dor/ pl of χωλή, fem of χωλός.
     

  The words cholar and cholols can be :
  

  1. κωλᾶς, gen sg dor/ acc pl of κωλῆ,
     
  2. χολᾱ́ς, gen sg dor/ acc pl of χολή,
     
  3. χολάς, ἡ, commonly in pl. χολάδες – bowels, guts; made into strings for lyre, etc., in sg., gut-cavity,
     
  4. χωλᾱ́ς, gen sg dor/ acc pl of χωλή.
     

  The word cholaiin can be the genitive plural of nouns or adjectives, or the present participle of a verb:
  

  1. κόλων, gen pl of κόλον, τό – colon, part of the large intestine;
     
  2. κόλων, gen pl of κόλος;
     
  3. κωλῶν, gen pl of κωλῆ;
     
  4. κώλων, gen pl of κῶλον, τό – limb, member of a body, esp. leg; generally, of arms and legs, and of animals, fore and hind legs; of plants, limb, arm; generally, member, of a building, side or front, of a square or triangular building; upright of a ladder; limb or lap of the race-course;
     
  5. χολῶν, gen pl of χόλος/ χολή;
     
  6. χολῶν, part pres/ inf dor of χολάω – to be full of black bile, to be melancholy mad; =χολόομαι, to be angry, rage;
     
  7. χολῶν, part pres of χολόω – anger, provoke.
     

  The word cholaly can be χολαῖος, α, ον – biliary, ἧπαρ (Suid.).
• Next Oldest Next Newest