No text, but a visual code

[Antonio García Jiménez]

Rafal, in Spanish we have a saying: there is none so blind as he who will not see.

   The object drawn in the lower-left section of the Rosettes is a small, incomplete volvelle, and anyone knowledgeable about medieval astronomy and astrology will recognize it immediately.

   In the Middle Ages, one could calculate the time using a volvelle, but one could not measure the passage of time with it because it was not a clock. The same thing probably happened to you as to Brumbaugh, who mistook the drawing for a clock, believing one of the hands to be a minute hand. But the minute hand wasn't invented until the 17th century. It is neither a sigil—since the Voynich is not a grimoire—nor a meaningless ornament.

   I have explained that on that small dial there are 360 markings corresponding to 24 hours—comparable to a clock face—but what distinguishes the drawing as a volvelle is the inner triangle, representing an astrological aspect formed by the sun and the moon. I have also explained that this same shape appears on another page of the Voynich manuscript, f67v2.