No text, but a visual code

[Antonio García Jiménez]

You are right in a narrow sense but I speak in a broad sense. Thinking about the Voynich, what Friedman had in mind was something similar to the universal languages imagined in the 17th century. Naturally it was something anachronistic, but he was right to think so.

In the language devised by John Wilkins in Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language (1668) each one of the letters of each one of the words had to be significant. This has nothing to do with the arbitrariness of Saussure's linguistic sign or with the double articulation of language.

Friedman therefore believed in the meaning of each of the VM glyphs. And that's what I think, since I consider them symbols full of meaning