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| A priori or A posteriori cracking? |
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Posted by: Arichichi - 23-02-2023, 03:46 PM - Forum: Analysis of the text
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Which is better for cracking the Voynich Manuscript? Thinking that a certain page talks about what is displayed in the page? Or thinking that it has no specific meaning relative to the featured pictures in the page? To rephrase my question, I want to know whether the cryptologists that deal with languages have ever tried to crack natural languages without a priori knowledge, just to test how strong their methods are. For example, has anyone tried to learn Korean or a similar language by studying a random Korean book and relying only on that book just to test the effectiveness of the code breaking methods that he relies on?
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Division of Voynich manuscript into 5 parts |
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Posted by: Addsamuels - 19-02-2023, 08:11 PM - Forum: Analysis of the text
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How do you categorise the voynich manuscript?
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René Z writes these categories.
Also I would like the folio numbers too.
Regards,
I have the Currier A and B dichotomy and You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. helped greatly.
[PS: a lot of my textual analysis is useless and thus no results are being published]
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| Suggestions for EVA |
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Posted by: nablator - 13-02-2023, 12:14 PM - Forum: Analysis of the text
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Hi René,
I have an unfinished transliteration with some non-standard notations that I could (maybe) make compatible with some flavor of the EVA format for sharing.
I used:
, for uncertain spaces: when the spacing is noticeably larger than in the rest of the word but smaller than a half-space
; for half-spaces: they are not uncertain, large enough to insert a i or small e
. for full spaces (as large as the previous glyph or close)
.; for large spaces, not as large as double spaces
.. for double spaces (as large as two previous glyphs)
/ and \ for (large) vertical offsets with less than a full horizontal space
[e] for the rare e under a gallows leg
+ for the possibly fused glyphs (with a common part): a+r instead of a', a+n instead of u, etc.
";" conflicts with the HTML-like "@number;" or maybe not, because ";" is not really necessary after @number for parsing so I omitted it.
"[e]" conflicts with the "[:]" notation, or maybe not, because there is no ":".
Any suggestions? Thanks.
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| Folio 43r |
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Posted by: Ruby Novacna - 11-02-2023, 01:55 PM - Forum: Voynich Talk
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While continuing to search for words containing the combination pch, I came across the word cheol!keepchy/ cheol.keepchy, which is unique in the text.
Could this word be the name of the plant?
I read this word as kianuph9 and find it quite similar to the word κεάν-ωθος - corn-thistle, Carduus arvensis.
I have not yet looked up the identifications of the plant made earlier.
It is true that in this reading one vowel and one consonant are not identical, however it may be a dialect that would pronounce omega as upsilon and theta as f?
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| Archive Proximity |
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Posted by: Mark Knowles - 10-02-2023, 01:33 PM - Forum: Voynich Talk
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I have bemoaned the fact that Voynich research seems to largely ignore the wealth of material in archives. I appreciate the fact that depending on where ones lives actually visiting an archive may be difficult or inconvenient at best and so online searching is much more convenient. However what percentage of material is available online; if my cipher experience is something to go by then maybe 10%, not more than 20%, which leaves 80+% unexplored. Traveling to another country to do archival research is expensive and time consuming, so not possible for many people. If one is fortunate enough to live near a major archive then the situation is different.
I am fortunate to live near the Bodleian library in Oxford, which is large archive and contains material from continental Europe from the time of Voynich. However someone living in Rome or Paris or Milan amongst other cities would be better placed than I am to find relevant material. I get the impression that the number of researchers living in such locations is very few. Why is that? It would be intriguing to see a map highlighting the most relevant and significant archives to Voynich research and a map showing the cities where Voynich researchers live.
I myself am seriously considering moving to Italy some day in the future as there is a lot more that I can do there than here.
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| k/t gallows reduplication |
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Posted by: nablator - 09-02-2023, 10:05 PM - Forum: Analysis of the text
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I don't remember reading about how the k/t gallows sequence compares to random and human-generated pseudo-random sequences. It is likely that I missed something, so please point me to any existing analysis.
There is a blog post by Emma May Smith but it does not discuss the reduplication statistics: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
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TLDR: The k/t gallows sequence is strongly biased toward reduplication; especially long sequences of the same k/t gallows in a row.
What is interesting about it is that human-generated pseudo-random sequences have a "tendency to overalternate between outcomes" documented in psychology studies. See for example: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and the referenced literature.
Why do we see the opposite tendency in the VMS?
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EVA-k is more frequent than EVA-t. In the ZL transliteration, in paragraphs only, there are:
k = 10096, probability(k) = pk = 62%
t = 6063, probability(t) = pt = 38%
In few cases of ambiguity, I kept the first: for example [k:t] = k.
With perfectly random independent draws, in any window of n letters of the k/t sequence, the probability of having:
n times k is pk^n
n times t is pt^n
The expected number of windows of n identical letters in the k/t sequence is the probability multiplied by the number of windows:
For k: (k+t-n+1)*pk^n
For t: (k+t-n+1)*pt^n
The expected numbers are ek, et (rounded), the actual numbers are ak, at:
n ek < ak et < at
2 6307 6956 2274 2924
3 3940 4938 853 1554
4 2461 3593 320 870
5 1538 2686 120 501
6 960 2029 45 300
7 600 1565 16 184
8 375 1214 6 117
9 234 950 2 76
10 146 752 0 50
11 91 595 0 32
12 57 465 0 21
Note: if you count kk... and tt... sequences with a text editor like Notepad++, the numbers will be lower, because it skips to the text following the matched pattern instead of doing a "rolling window" search.
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| The Voynich Manuscript:Decoded ( theory ) |
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Posted by: bi3mw - 07-02-2023, 03:45 PM - Forum: Theories & Solutions
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A relatively new ( November 22, 2022 ) theory about the VMS. To me, this seems quite constructed, but everyone can make up his own mind.
The Voynich Manuscript: Decoded
Fletcher Crowe
Published: November 22, 2022
Abstract
The Voynich Manuscript (VM) is an illustrated codex hand-written in a unique writing
system whose pages have been carbon-dated to 1404-1438 CE.1 The document has
been studied by numerous cryptographers, but until this time no one has demonstrably
deciphered the text. The Voynich Manuscript has been called “The World’s Most Mysterious
Manuscript” and “The Book Nobody Can Read.” Sections of the manuscript appear to
deal with strange plants and flowers, naked women lounging in pools of water, celestial
bodies such as stars, the moon and the Sun, and kitchen spices and herbs. This research
shows that the strange Voynich symbols code for Arabic. An equivalency table between
Arabic letters and the Voynich characters is developed, and large sections of the Voynich
text are translated, including pages picturing flowers, stars, spices and women. A 600-word
dictionary of Arabic-Voynich-English was developed. Translation reveals that the text deals
exclusively with the Cathars, a religious heresy prominent in the south of France in the
12th – 13th centuries. A hypothesis is developed that the patron funding production of the
Voynich Manuscript may have been Alfonso V, king of Aragon/Catalonia and, King of
Naples.
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| Plain text of Voynich manuscript |
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Posted by: Addsamuels - 28-01-2023, 10:49 PM - Forum: Analysis of the text
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When visiting You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view., I noticed that the transcriptions didn't seem to be accessible for using calculations on as some of them seemed to be without text on relevant sections.
Does there exist a plain-text version of the Voynich Manuscript?
Regards,
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