RE: Has anyone actually made a legitimate alphabet key thingy?
Jorge_Stolfi > 13-01-2026, 08:12 PM
Turkish spelling is quite phonetic. It was created from scratch in the early 1900s, to replace the Arabic script which was poorly suited to the language. Thus it had no tradition that people would respect, for inertia or for conservatism. It has however one letter ('g' with caron) that is silent; IIUC it serves to prevent adjacent vowels from being pronounced as a diphtong (glide).
May scripts are "quasi-alphabetic" in that each letter usually represents one sound, but there are exceptions -- groups of two or more letters that represent one sound (like "ch" in Italian "chiaro"), one letter that represents two or more sounds (like "x" in English "axis"), and ambiguities in reading or writing.
I think it is more useful to consider how a writing system scores in two respects. For a person with basic command of the language,
(a) reading determinism: how reliably can they correctly pronounce an unfamiliar written word.
(b) writing determinism: how reliably can they write down the correct spelling of an unfamiliar spoken word.
Italian gets maybe 90% score on (a); not 100% because stress is phonemic but is not marked, and has two "e" sounds and two "o" sounds that are not distinguished in writing. ("botte" can have either "o", meaning either "hits" or "barrel"; and "pesca" may be either "peach" or "fishing" depending on the "e"). Offhand I think that it has 99.9% on (b), but I may be wrong.
From what I know of French, I would say that it gets 98% (a), but maybe 50% or less on (b). For one thing, the final "s" of written words is often omitted in the spoken language.
Spanish spelling has high score on both counts, mostly because of a relatively recent spelling reform.
Portuguese, in contrast, must have the second worst spelling system of all European languages -- second only to English, and arguably worse than the French one. It is bad on both (a) and (b).
German has the problem of two sounds for "ch", which is bad for (a) but not (b).
I heard that Czech spelling gets good grades on both items, whereas Russian scores a lot lower.
All the best, --stolfi