Most certain plant ID's?

[merrimacga]

You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view., from You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. in his 25-08-2022 post this thread, listed there as suggested by Stephen Bax (click You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. for the page on his site and scroll to 3r for more detail). This fern has been in the taxonomy since 1753 and was widely used for medicinal purposes in Europe since ancient times, especially France. The root of Kalanchoe daigremontiana in the previous post is closer to the VM drawing but the fact that P. Vulgare was in wide use in Medieval Europe and the similarities in the stem and leaves make it a better candidate. Note how in the VM drawing the stem is two-tone and there appear to be vein lines running through it, which is similar to the coloring of the midrib in one of the sample images below.

You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (French site, INPN P. Vulgare species pages)

You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (2008 European Medicines Agency Paper about P. Vulgare, page 8)

You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (2021 Frontiers in Pharmacology article about P. Vulgare, Introduction, paragraph 5)

You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (1978 archeological paper on plant remains in Cracow, PDF pages 15 and 117, specifically)

  

  

I will add details for Polypodium cambricum in the next post.