RE: No text, but a visual code
Koen G > 17-01-2022, 01:27 PM
Between Panofsky and Petersen, the former speaks with much greater authority about iconography. After a few hours with the MS (and not just bad copies), he came to some conclusions, including that is was made ca. 1420. We know this is correct, and it is one of the most "knowable" things about the MS:
* Confirmed by carbon dating
* Confirmed by a modern art historian Rene quoted once
* Independently confirmed here on the forum by collecting examples of bagpipe sleeves
It is impressive that Panofsky was able to date the thing as he did, but we can understand now how it was possible. Dating fashion and the way human figures are drawn is one of the things professional art historians do.
That said, there are some issues when we want to use Panofsky's statements as arguments in support of our own theories:
* His comments are briefly reported, without much argumentation. This does not allow us to interact with them in a scientific way. How certain is he that the nymphs are astral spirits? Is it a hunch or a firm conviction? Why does he think this?
* By the time he did the interview you quote from, his views had been tarnished by the sunflower, and he had adapted his formerly correct dating to the sixteenth century! This means that, being the professional he was, he also had to adapt his assumed cultural background for the MS. Most of what he says in that interview is unreliable, because his views have been entirely skewed by false information. At this point he is clearly struggling between what he thought he understood initially and the revised views he must adopt in light of the sunflower.
* There has been no continuous research into the VM as a whole by qualified art historians. Normally, influential early works are revised, adapted, corrected, or even entirely superseded. This normal scientific process has not taken place.
tl/dr: if you want to use Panofsky's astral spirits quote, I'm afraid you will have to do so in a 16th century context.