1.
I did some more research on the Alfonxo X Zodiac chart degree figures following my last post, and in the process, I think, I have solved the longstanding question about how to count the Zodiac degrees represented by the "nymphs" in the Voynich manuscript.
Please let me know if the solution I will share below had already been learned, since I did not find it elsewhere.
If what I have found is regarded as reasonable, we may have now a way of identifying the stars (and their names) in the Voynich manuscript in the Zodiac charts, if they parallel the same in the Lapidary, generally speaking. I don't think the degree labels in the VM refer to stones, but to stars (or, if not, perhaps less likely, the plants they are influencing, rather than stones). The so-called recipe list would then be an ordered way (for 360 degrees) of explaining star-plant influences.
If we know the order of counting the nymph degrees from Pisces on (if that is the order in the VM), then the recipes would follow that order from one Zodiac chart to another. This may even explain the missing recipe items since they may have been removed as corresponding to the also removed Capricorn and Aquarius Zodiac charts (just speculating here).
First, I just want to update a few things, before that important observation regarding the degree counting system in the Lapidary and the Voynich manuscript.
2.
First, those specific images for degree figures I shared in my last post was from a later edition of the Lapidary (1880s). The chart degree figures are depicted differently in an original/earlier version (16th c., that is 1500s—I will provide link to it further down this post).
I am sharing below this post the Aries and Taurus charts from both to compare.
In the older edition, as you can see, the degree figures are depicted differently as angel heads and likely wing hands (?) in front. They are clearly also suggesting variations, in this case based on the directions the faces are turning, and how their wings are crossing each other in front (I guess).
Are these also signifying something (some face left, some right, some front, some bottom, some up)?
I compared the same degrees across the two editions and could not tell how the hand gestures in one symbolically parallels the face or wing front gestures in another edition. I still think that in the 1800s edition the figures are generally expressing the "as above, so below" hermetic principle, but it may be just that edition's way of depicting the charts. The principle is obvious as a core notion in the whole Lapidary.
But clearly, there are variations in the older edition also, otherwise they would have been drawn exactly the same.
3.
In the older 1500s edition, only Aries (first in the Zodiac months) is given degree figures (as if telling the reader, I assume, "follow the same in later charts, so we won't repeat the numbers again"), and in the rest they are blank (as you can see from the Taurus chart comparisons). What this tells me is that if the gestures were significant, they would have been also shown in the rest of the Zodiac charts in the older 1500s Lapidary edition, but they are not. They are blank.
Conversely, in the later 1800s edition, where the degree figures are given for all Zodiac charts, when you compare the gestures for the same degree across charts, it is not necessarily the case that they remain the same for that degree across different Zodiac charts.
One may think that the degree figure gestures signify degree numbers somehow (sort of, figures giving numbers of the degrees), but if that was the case, we would have to see consistency of the 30-degree gestures across the Zodiac charts in the 1800s edition.
So, it may well be the case that in the edition samples I shared in the previous post, the variations mean something. It does not seem likely that they are just printing incidentals, though the latter can't be ruled out for some as scribal errors and omissions.
I am still not sure about what the variation meanings can be, but they are there even in the older edition even more visibly. While I am inclined to think that they were meant to convey degree numbers visually, which explains why they are left blank in the charts after Aries in the older 1500s edition, the variations depicted across the editions are still noteworthy.
As a side note, I found another copy of the later edition which shows more details for some figures missing in the earlier edition. So, it is possible the variations were scribing or printing incidentals for some degree figures. But, again, I cannot be sure, because some variations (including the face directions in the original edition) in the 1500s edition or switching of hands pointing up and down in the 1800s edition are noteworthy.
4.
What is most important to notice, however, is the way the degrees are counted, and even numbered, across BOTH editions. So, there should be no doubt about it.
Consistently, the direction of 30-degrees counting start from 9 (or 10, see below, if tilted a bit in the older 1500s edition) o'clock moving counterclockwise, which is the same way the 12 houses are numbred and counted in astrological birth charts.
This is a very significant observation that can now give us a sense of how to count the degree nymphs in the Voynich manuscript, with the VM's own style withstanding.
The older 1500s edition of the Lapidary is even tilted, so the first degree begins slightly up at around the 10 o'clock. This plausibly supports the observation that the scribes in the Voynich manuscript seemed also to start pupulating the charts from the 10 o'clock.
This can be just an incidental style of the older Lapidary edition degree sections. However, if there is a variation there, why not consider it for the Voynich manuscript style, especially if they are meant to be (and seem to have been) signifying the 10 o'clock spot across the manuscript astrological images for some reason.
In the older Lapidary edition, the tilt is important to consider, since in the charts after the Aries, degree numbers (or head figures/gestures) are not given, so without considering the tilt as being consistent throughout the Zodiac charts, one would not know exactly which is the 30th or first degree of that chart lies.
5.
Note that the Lapidary's degree counting system for each Zodiac month is just a convention used for its introducing the order of the 30 degrees of each Zodiac in visual form.
The Lapidary 30-degree charts basically serve as a "blow up" (magnification) of the 30 degrees in the conventional 360 circle of the 12 Zodiac months. Instead of a pie chart section of 30 degrees for each Zodiac month, we now have a circle depicting the degrees to allow for showing the constellation star markers for each degree. But the order of their counting MUST remain in the same usual way they are counted in the 360-degree circle.
However, this magnification does not have to be just in one ring. They could be presented in two or even three rings, purely as a matter of style. So, if you want to show bigger figures for each degree (as in the Voynich manuscript, using nymphs) you can easily run out of space, so you have no choice but show them in two (or even three) rings.
This is exactly why, in my view, we find the rings in the VM.
For example, some charts in the VM are depicted as an inner ring of 10, and outer ring of 20. Or, if things did not fit, they could do three rings (for Scorprio and Sagittarus). If they wanted to split a Zodiac chart into two for a substantive reason, such as in Aries and Taurus, the same could be and has been done (for example, 5 in the inner ring, and 10 in the outer ring, and I have an explanation for the 29 nymphs in Aries, which is in any care represented as a labeled star in the center of the chart, but will tell in later posts).
In both rings, you would start with the 9 o'clock item as the first in the ring, and doing the counting counterclockwise, starting from the inner ring and counting to the middle and outer ring (if needed, for space reasons).
Whether in one ring, or two or three rings, there would be no substantive significance for how they are placed, therefore. It also does not really matter if they nymphs are close to each other or apart from one another, since there is no locational significance in the Zodiac month chart in the VM. The point of the Zodiac charts is simply to offer an orderly way of the degrees 1-30, whether in one, two, or three rings, that is done like in the house counting system, counterclockwise.
I am showing below this post a 4-item schematic representation of how the same counting order starting from 9 or 10 o'clock could be used and this can therefore apply to the Voynich manuscript. I have created the grids for the three possibilities (one, all 30 on one ring, two for the split into two for each month, and another where a third ring became necessary.
Therefore, I think those Zodiac charts where you see four nymphs on top are depicted because more space was needed, or the scribes were not careful in placing them to fit into two rings. But their presence for that chart leads me to argue reasonably that the counting in the VM charts should start from the inner ring set, moving to the middle ring (and then on to an, if existing, outer ring).
It may be a challenge in some VM Zodiac charts in the VM to decide which is the first, but I would lean on choosing the one at 9 o'clock or just below it as being the first to count in any of the rings. Whether it should start from the one on a 10 o'clock location is possible, but only deciphering results may decide that question.
If the Voynich manuscript is following generally the counting pattern and direction of the Lapidary, we can be close in identifying the degree and associated stars in the VM, and therefore see if their labels can be textually deciphered in relation to the known names of stars (with all the troubles of reading the text and languages withstanding).
6.
Just as a general explanation of the Lapidary charts to understand what they aim to do, in the constellation depictions, the point is to locate the star(s) in the constellations depicted, and by consulting Ptolemy's Almagest, it is claimed that it would be easy to know which star is being referred to (they are actually noted in a Spanish description file of the Lapidary Julian (JB) had linked on his site in 2016, for which I will provide a link below).
So, if you look closely at the constellation figures, you will see one or two circles or stars on differnt parts of even the same constellation image for different degrees, suggesting which star (or two) of them are being considered for that degree. I think this is the equivalent of the star strings the nymphs are holding in the Voynich manuscript. But the nymphs are representing the star, not a constellation.
The basic idea of the charts is this. For each Zodiac chart, each degree is assigned a stone which is supposedly influenced by the star(s) in that constellation on that degree and has certain properties. This does NOT mean there are 360 unique stones across all the charts. Some stone assignments for degrees across the Zodiac charts may be repeated, since different stars in different Zodiac months may have different kind of influences on the same stone.
So, if someone needs a healing or talismic effect to result, let us say, he or she would look up which stone can provide it and by looking at the Zodiac chart degrees where a star would enhance those effects, one will wear (or use through other ways of applying) the stone on that degree.
7.
In the VM, the nymphs are often depicted (unless for a reason not) facing and walking clockwise. This is in fact accurately done, even though the degrees are counted counterclockwise, and this is a basic astrological convention.
Imagine you are holding a grid of 360 degrees up toward the sky, divided by the 12 Zodiac months, each having 30 degrees. You will find that the fixed star constellations are moving clockwise, like a shadow-show. Relative to us that is what is seen (even though we know today that our Earth and we on it are ratating counterclockwise).
If you were looking at a natal chart (horoscope) you will also find that the "planets" move clockwise in time, retrogrades notwithstanding. The degrees increase counterclockwise.
8.
Overall, the best thing that came out of this consideration for me is that I am now nearly certain that the degree counting in Voynich Zodiac charts must begin around 9 or 10 o'clock in each ring, and proceed counterclockwise, the same way the houses are numbered and counted in birth charts. I think it is reasonable that the counting must begin from the inner ring, moving to the middle ring (and if existing, outer set of nymphs on top of the chart must also be counted counterclockwise).
In the Pisces chart, all nymphs are nude, and you will find in the first Aries chart the first in the inner ring is also nude after the 9 o'clock, then they become clothed. To me that is consistent with the idea of the inner ring nymph degrees are to be counted first, and that nymphs on Aries 1 chart is still nude.
I have no doubt that in the Voynich mansucript the nymph gestures are hermeneutically meaningful in very significant ways, whether or not it is the same in Lapidary editions. As it is always important to keep in mind, the VM does its own thing, even if the degree figure meanings in the Lapidary chart editions remains unknown.
9.
Other forum members have explored the Alfonso X a while ago (back in 2016, I think, and I am sure there were others later I may have missed reading).
In this forum julian (JB) had shared his helpful insights You are not allowed to view links.
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Login to view. and on his own site at You are not allowed to view links.
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Login to view.. He had also shared the link to the Alfonso X description of degrees/stone at You are not allowed to view links.
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Login to view. which is in Spanish. I agree with him that it is a very helpful file, since it basically gives us the stone names and degree assignments and explanations (In Microsoft Word, if you choose "Translation/Selection" under the Tools menu, you can easily translate any paragraph instantly).
I would not be surprised that the recipe section in the VM serves basically the same purpose of the Spanish file linked by Julian, that is, give a sense of how a star on a degree relates to a plant. This may or may not include how to prepare them, and this is also present in the Spanish text.
ReneZ had offered the links to the older 1500s edition (You are not allowed to view links.
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Login to view.). He had linked the 1800s edition (You are not allowed to view links.
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Marco Ponzi had reflected on related topics in a Stephen Bax site page here You are not allowed to view links.
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This is a helpful site as an overview of the Lapidary You are not allowed to view links.
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