In relation to entropy/second order entropy, the thought is that Voynich text is far to predictable to be any natural language, so it does not matter what sort of substitution cipher you apply, and it doesn't matter what glyphs you say are what, the relationship between the glyphs is the problem.
It's fairly simple to imitate the low entropy. "repetitive monotonous text" below. The problem is that the entropy score of my text will be mostly effected by repeated "and they shall" etc, in Voynich it is more because of things like "yteedy qokeedy qokey otedy okedy". Just from that small segment I could ask you, "o, what's next?" T or K. "d, what's next?" Y and you would be right most the time, for the whole manuscript. Normal languages don't work this way and it doesn't matter if every Y is M or every T is D, it's the same problem.
To show this specifically, you can type "d" into the Voynichese website, it has 12505 matches "dy" is 6819, so over half the time we have d we have dy. "e" 14319, "ee" 4705.. and that's not to mention how things like this happen (r/m). I think you can probably see some of the greater difficulties waiting down the road. Really the alphabet could be pictures of pandas eating bamboo sticks in different ways, we would more or less still be in the same predicament once we try to read anything.
"r"
![[Image: 5Q5OcPX.png]](https://i.imgur.com/5Q5OcPX.png)
"m"
![[Image: e8xYPYn.png]](https://i.imgur.com/e8xYPYn.png)
My entropy readings
(h1)Entropy of VM text: 3.937543729875115 bits
(h2)Second-order entropy of VM text: 2.1857858287857033 bits
(h1)Entropy of repetitive monotonous text: 3.7875994022781807 bits
(h2)Second-order entropy of repetitive monotonous text: 2.137288423693957 bits
This is the score from
Nablator's online tool as a second check
Entropy:
h1 = 3.7850894452523725
h2 = 2.136621820872425
I then chose Genesis chapter 3 as a random example for more normal/expected entropy score from meaningful text (numbers, capitals, punctuation removed)
My entropy readings
Entropy of academic text: 4.130866080990504 bits
Second-order entropy of academic text: 3.120350985384424 bits
Nablator's online tool
Entropy:
h1 = 4.087163666108759
h2 = 3.1046333226371283
AI generated text
with the righteous he will make peace and will protect the elect and mercy shall be upon them and they shall all belong to god and they shall be prospered and they shall all be blessed and he will help them all and light shall appear unto them and he will make peace with them and they shall be strong and they shall not be afraid and they shall find joy and they shall be guided by his hand and they shall walk in his ways and they shall dwell in his house and they shall be called his children and they shall be heirs of his kingdom and they shall inherit the earth and they shall live in harmony and they shall sing praises and they shall rejoice and they shall be filled with his spirit and they shall be comforted and they shall know his love and they shall see his face and they shall hear his voice and they shall follow his commandments and they shall trust in him and they shall have faith and they shall have hope and they shall be patient and they shall endure and they shall overcome and they shall be victorious and they shall be rewarded and they shall be clothed in white and they shall be given crowns and they shall reign with him and they shall sit at his table and they shall drink from his cup and they shall eat of his bread and they shall be satisfied and they shall hunger no more and they shall thirst no more and they shall weep no more and they shall suffer no more and they shall be free and they shall be at peace and they shall be whole and they shall be healed and they shall be restored and they shall be renewed and they shall be transformed and they shall be made new and they shall be pure and they shall be holy and they shall be righteous and they shall be blessed and they shall be happy and they shall be joyful and they shall be thankful and they shall be grateful and they shall be content and they shall be satisfied and they shall be fulfilled and they shall be complete and they shall be perfect and they shall be glorious and they shall be radiant and they shall be shining and they shall be bright and they shall be light and they shall be loved and they shall be cherished and they shall be treasured and they shall be valued and they shall be honored and they shall be exalted and they shall be lifted up and they shall be praised and they shall be esteemed and they shall be respected and they shall be known and they shall be seen and they shall be heard and they shall be remembered and they shall be celebrated and they shall be embraced and they shall be welcomed and they shall be accepted and they shall be included and they shall be part of his family and they shall be his own and they shall be his beloved and they shall be his people and they shall be his flock and they shall be his church and they shall be his body and they shall be his bride and they shall be his temple and they shall be his dwelling place and they shall be his sanctuary and they shall be his holy place and they shall be his chosen ones and they shall be his faithful ones and they shall be his saints and they shall be his elect and they shall be his anointed and they shall be his called ones and they shall be his servants and they shall be his ministers and they shall be his witnesses and they shall be his ambassadors and they shall be his representatives and they shall be his messengers and they shall be his heralds and they shall be his voices and they shall be his instruments and they shall be his vessels and they shall be his workmanship and they shall be his creation and they shall be his handiwork and they shall be his masterpiece and they shall be his art and they shall be his beauty and they shall be his glory and they shall be his light and they shall be his stars and they shall be his jewels and they shall be his crown and they shall be his joy and they shall be his delight and they shall be his pleasure and they shall be his satisfaction and they shall be his contentment and they shall be his happiness and they shall be his peace and they shall be his rest and they shall be his calm and they shall be his stillness and they shall be his serenity and they shall be his tranquility and they shall be his harmony and they shall be his melody and they shall be his song and they shall be his music and they shall be his rhythm and they shall be his dance and they shall be his celebration and they shall be his festival and they shall be his feast and they shall be his banquet and they shall be his table and they shall be his bread and they shall be his wine and they shall be his body and they shall be his blood and they shall be his offering and they shall be his sacrifice and they shall be his gift and they shall be his blessing and they shall be his grace and they shall be his mercy and they shall be his compassion and they shall be his kindness and they shall be his goodness and they shall be his love and they shall be his joy and they shall be his peace and they shall be his patience and they shall be his gentleness and they shall be his faithfulness and they shall be his self-control and they shall be his light and they shall be his salt and they shall be his branches and they shall be his fruit and they shall be his harvest and they shall be his field and they shall be his vineyard and they shall be his garden and they shall be his tree and they shall be his plant and they shall be his flower and they shall be his lily and they shall be his rose and they shall be his blossom and they shall be his bloom and they shall be his bud and they shall be his fragrance and they shall be his aroma and they shall be his perfume and they shall be his incense and they shall be his smoke and they shall be his cloud and they shall be his rain and they shall be his dew and they shall be his mist and they shall be his water and they shall be his river and they shall be his stream and they shall be his fountain and they shall be his well and they shall be his spring and they shall be his ocean and they shall be his sea and they shall be his lake and they shall be his pond and they shall be his pool and they shall be his basin and they shall be his bowl and they shall be his cup and they shall be his chalice and they shall be his goblet and they shall be his vessel and they shall be his container and they shall be his jar and they shall be his jug and they shall be his pitcher and they shall be his pot and they shall be his kettle and they shall be his cauldron and they shall be his pan and they shall be his skillet and they shall be his dish and they shall be his platter and they shall be his plate and they shall be his bowl and they shall be his cup and they shall be his mug and they shall be his tumbler and they shall be his glass and they shall be his mirror and they shall be his reflection and they shall be his image and they shall be his likeness and they shall be his shadow and they shall be his shade and they shall be his cover and they shall be his shelter and they shall be his refuge and they shall be his fortress and they shall be his tower and they shall be his castle and they shall be his palace and they shall be his mansion and they shall be his home and they shall be his dwelling and they shall be his abode and they shall be his residence and they shall be his house and they shall be his tent and they shall be his tabernacle and they shall be his sanctuary and they shall be his holy place and they shall be his temple and they shall be his church and they shall be his body and they shall be his bride and they shall be his family and they shall be his children and they shall be his sons and they shall be his daughters and they shall be his offspring and they shall be his seed and they shall be his descendants and they shall be his heirs and they shall be his inheritance and they shall be his possession and they shall be his treasure and they shall be his wealth and they shall be his riches and they shall be his fortune and they shall be his legacy and they shall be his heritage and they shall be his birthright and they shall be his gift and they shall be his grace and they shall be his mercy and they shall be his compassion and they shall be his kindness and they shall be his goodness and they shall be his love and they shall be his joy and they shall be his peace and they shall be his patience and they shall be his gentleness and they shall be his faithfulness and they shall be his self-control and they shall be his light and they shall be his salt and they shall be his branches and they shall be his fruit and they shall be his harvest and they shall be his field and they shall be his vineyard and they shall be his garden and they shall be his tree and they shall be his plant and they shall be his flower and they shall be his lily and they shall be his rose and they shall be his blossom and they shall be his bloom and they shall be his bud and they shall be his fragrance and they shall be his aroma and they shall be his perfume and they shall be his incense and they shall be his smoke and they shall be his cloud and they shall be his rain and they shall be his dew and they shall be his mist and they shall be his water and they shall be his river and they shall be his stream and they shall be his fountain and they shall be his well and they shall be his spring and they shall be his ocean and they shall be his sea and they shall be his lake and they shall be his pond and they shall be his pool and they shall be his basin and they shall be his bowl and they shall be his cup and they shall be his chalice and they shall be his goblet and they shall be his vessel and they shall be his container and they shall be his jar and they shall be his jug and they shall be his pitcher and they shall be his pot and they shall be his kettle and they shall be his cauldron and they shall be his pan and they shall be his skillet and they shall be his dish and they shall be his platter and they shall be his plate and they shall be his bowl and they shall be his cup and they shall be his mug and they shall be his tumbler and they shall be his glass and they shall be his mirror and they shall be his reflection and they shall be his image and they shall be his likeness and they shall be his shadow and they shall be his shade and they shall be his cover and they shall be his shelter and they shall be his refuge and they shall be his fortress and they shall be his tower and they shall be his castle and they shall be his palace and they shall be his mansion and they shall be his home and they shall be his dwelling and they shall be his abode and they shall be his residence and they shall be his house and they shall be his tent and they shall be his tabernacle and they shall be his sanctuary and they shall be his holy place and they shall be his temple and they shall be his church and they shall be his body and they shall be his bride and they shall be his family and they shall be his children and they shall be his sons and they shall be his daughters and they shall be his offspring and they shall be his seed and they shall be his descendants and they shall be his heirs and they shall be his inheritance and they shall be his possession and they shall be his treasure and they shall be his wealth and they shall be his riches and they shall be his fortune and they shall be his legacy and they shall be his heritage and they shall be his birthright