15thc perception on swallowtail merlons?

[Jorge_Stolfi]

For instance, take a look at the following mappa mundi by Giovanni Leardo (1442, east on top):

The spelling of the month names on that map is interesting. I suppose that the "Ç" in "Çenaro" and "Março", "stands for a sound like the "th" of English "think", or the initial "z-" of European Spanish, or maybe modern Greek "θ".  According to my father, that phoneme was characteristic of people in some specific parts of Veneto.  I think it typically replaced the "ci-"  of Italian, which in other dialects of Venetian is replaced by "s-".  My father said that the borough of Ciano where he lived for a while, in the Treviso province, was pronounced "Θiàn" by the locals.

3. The Flat Tower: this one reminds me of a flat tower like the Torre Guinigi, but it could also represent a normal merloned tower with a flat or short roof:

But note that the flat square yellow roof (like the pointy yellow roof of the smaller tower) is only painted, not outlined.  The inked outline does seem to depict a flat-roofed tower, but in pure side view.  So it could even be a round tower.

All the best, --stolfi