13-06-2026, 09:40 PM
(This post was last modified: 13-06-2026, 10:02 PM by Pierre Dumont Himself.)
I've seen some authors mention this or that "type" of swallow-tail merlons, but never in a comparison and without citations. I can only read such descriptions as impressionistic. "Etschtaler" merlons may be considered a "type" because they radiaded through the Alps independently of developments elsewhere. Merlons there are more likely to be straight. The "Asti type" is also somwhat distinctive. It appeared early, in the late 13th century, and is typically curved and made of brick. Sometimes a castle or tower has up to three(?) rows of friezes below the merlon crown. They were more elegant becasue Asti used to be a city of residential towers.
Historians already considered this disticnction meaningless in the early 20th century, and I've seen multiple authors describe it as an invention of 19th century historiography. This may not be 100% true, since the merlons occasionally changed shape with a new owner or reconstruction project, but this was rare and did not go back to the 13th century conflict.
Watch this:
![[Image: Battle_of_Pavia%2C_1525_%28by_anonymous_...ist%29.jpg]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Battle_of_Pavia%2C_1525_%28by_anonymous_Flemish_artist%29.jpg)
Flemish depiction of the Battle of Pavia, 1525. The city is shown with Guelph merlons.
![[Image: Manif._di_bruxelles_su_dis.di_bernart_vo...526-31.JPG]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Manif._di_bruxelles_su_dis.di_bernart_von_orley%2C_arazzi_della_battaglia_di_pavia%2C_sortita_e_annegamento_degli_svizzeri_nel_ticino%2C_IGMN144488%2C_1526-31.JPG)
Another Flemish depiction of the Battle of Pavia. This time, every building in the city has swallwotail merlons.
![[Image: San_teodoro.jpg]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/San_teodoro.jpg)
Fresco from Pavia, created during the battle.
Koen, I call them Guelph merlons precisely because they have no other name and they need love too. There is one exception I could find, though: The Castle of Cesnola in the Ivrea region had its swallowtail merlons walled in in the 18th century which allegedly looked rather strange before the reconstruction. This is interpreted by my sources as a sign of political realignment, albeit long after the merlons lost their military function. I can't tell if this explanation is accurate or just a hallucination of 19th century historiography but it might also be the kind of tale that led to this narrative in the first place.
I don't think the same applies to the many castles and towers that had their merlons wall in earlier. In the Piemonte, there seems to have been a movement toward swallowtail merlons in the 14th and 15th centuries, and away from them until the 19th century. This was gradual, uneven, reversible, and most likely unrelated to politics.
Historians already considered this disticnction meaningless in the early 20th century, and I've seen multiple authors describe it as an invention of 19th century historiography. This may not be 100% true, since the merlons occasionally changed shape with a new owner or reconstruction project, but this was rare and did not go back to the 13th century conflict.
Watch this:
![[Image: Battle_of_Pavia%2C_1525_%28by_anonymous_...ist%29.jpg]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Battle_of_Pavia%2C_1525_%28by_anonymous_Flemish_artist%29.jpg)
Flemish depiction of the Battle of Pavia, 1525. The city is shown with Guelph merlons.
Another Flemish depiction of the Battle of Pavia. This time, every building in the city has swallwotail merlons.
![[Image: San_teodoro.jpg]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/San_teodoro.jpg)
Fresco from Pavia, created during the battle.
Koen, I call them Guelph merlons precisely because they have no other name and they need love too. There is one exception I could find, though: The Castle of Cesnola in the Ivrea region had its swallowtail merlons walled in in the 18th century which allegedly looked rather strange before the reconstruction. This is interpreted by my sources as a sign of political realignment, albeit long after the merlons lost their military function. I can't tell if this explanation is accurate or just a hallucination of 19th century historiography but it might also be the kind of tale that led to this narrative in the first place.
I don't think the same applies to the many castles and towers that had their merlons wall in earlier. In the Piemonte, there seems to have been a movement toward swallowtail merlons in the 14th and 15th centuries, and away from them until the 19th century. This was gradual, uneven, reversible, and most likely unrelated to politics.



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