A family of grammars for Voynichese
Finally, here are the counts for crust-mantle-core patterns with a core (gallows).  Here I make a distinction between simple gallows and those with platforms.

Again, the CMC pattern of  a word is obtained by deleting all "O" elements {a} {o} {y},
and mapping the other elements to the classes 
  • "Q" just {q}.
  • "D" the /dealers/ {d} {l} {r} {s}.
  • "X" the /benches/ {ch} {sh} {ee} with an optional 'e' suffix.
  • "G" the /simple gallows/ {k} {t} {p} {f} with optional 'e' suffix.
  • "H" the /platform gallows/ {cth} {ckh} {cph} {cfh} with optional 'e' or 'h' suffix.
  • "N" the /codas/ {n}, {in}, {iin}, {iiin}, {m} {im} {iim} {iiim}, {ir}, {iir}, {iir}.

In this modified CMC model, a valid word with core ("G" or "H") must have the form

   Q^q D^d X^x (G|H) X^y D^e N^n

where q,n are 0 or 1, and d+e and x+y are in 0..3. 

Here are the counts of the patterns with G core (left) and with H core (right):

COUNTING TOKENS WITH G AND H CORE BY CMC PATTERN


  14060.375000 1.00000 TOTAL        1487.250000 1.00000 TOTAL

   2008.125000 0.14282 GD            394.750000 0.26542 XH   
   1538.750000 0.10944 GXD           375.250000 0.25231 HD   
   1314.500000 0.09349 QGD           315.000000 0.21180 H     
   1175.375000 0.08359 GN             76.750000 0.05161 XHD   
   1025.000000 0.07290 GX             58.500000 0.03933 QH   
    858.500000 0.06106 QGXD           55.000000 0.03698 HN   
    813.875000 0.05788 QGN            41.000000 0.02757 QHD   
    687.000000 0.04886 QGX            33.000000 0.02219 HX   
    483.000000 0.03435 G              31.750000 0.02135 HDD   
    417.625000 0.02970 XG             21.000000 0.01412 DXH   
    410.750000 0.02921 QG             11.250000 0.00756 HDN   
    274.625000 0.01953 XGD            10.000000 0.00672 DH   
    255.500000 0.01817 GDD             8.000000 0.00538 HXD   
    244.750000 0.01741 DGD             6.500000 0.00437 XXH   
    240.875000 0.01713 DGXD            6.000000 0.00403 DHD   
    234.625000 0.01669 DGN             5.500000 0.00370 HDDD 
    201.000000 0.01430 XGX             5.000000 0.00336 XHN   
    191.500000 0.01362 XGN             4.500000 0.00303 XHX   
    189.000000 0.01344 GDN             4.000000 0.00269 QHX   
    174.125000 0.01238 DGX             3.250000 0.00219 HDDN 
    170.125000 0.01210 GXDD            3.000000 0.00202 QXH   
    111.750000 0.00795 GXDN            2.000000 0.00134 DDH   
    102.687500 0.00730 DG              2.000000 0.00134 QDH   
    101.625000 0.00723 XGXD            2.000000 0.00134 QHDD 
     75.000000 0.00533 XXG             2.000000 0.00134 QHN   
     69.000000 0.00491 GXX             2.000000 0.00134 QHXD 
     67.250000 0.00478 QGDD            1.500000 0.00101 DDXH 
     62.000000 0.00441 GXN             1.000000 0.00067 DXHD 
     39.500000 0.00281 GXXD            1.000000 0.00067 DXXH 
     34.500000 0.00245 QGDN            1.000000 0.00067 DXXHD 
     33.000000 0.00235 QGXDD           1.000000 0.00067 HXDD 
     27.875000 0.00198 GDDN            1.000000 0.00067 HXN   
     18.500000 0.00132 XGDD            1.000000 0.00067 XXHD 
     18.375000 0.00131 DDGXD           0.250000 0.00017 XHDD 
     16.875000 0.00120 DDGD            0.250000 0.00017 XHDDD 
     16.875000 0.00120 DXG             0.250000 0.00017 XHDN 
     16.750000 0.00119 QGXDN
     16.500000 0.00117 QGXN
     16.500000 0.00117 QGXX
     16.500000 0.00117 XXGX
     16.125000 0.00115 GDDD
     15.500000 0.00110 DDGN
     14.125000 0.00100 DGDD
     13.500000 0.00096 GXDDD
     13.000000 0.00092 QDGXD
     12.250000 0.00087 DDGX
     12.000000 0.00085 XGDN
     11.750000 0.00084 DGXX
     10.750000 0.00076 XXGD
      9.750000 0.00069 XXGN
      9.500000 0.00068 QGXXD
      9.250000 0.00066 DGDN
      9.125000 0.00065 DGXDD
      8.562500 0.00061 DDG
      8.500000 0.00060 QDGX
      8.000000 0.00057 QDGN
      7.500000 0.00053 DGXDN
      7.500000 0.00053 XGXX
      7.250000 0.00052 QDG
      7.000000 0.00050 XGXN
      6.750000 0.00048 DXGX
      6.500000 0.00046 DGXXD
      4.750000 0.00034 GXDDN
      4.625000 0.00033 DXGD
      4.500000 0.00032 DXGXD
      4.125000 0.00029 QDGD
      4.000000 0.00028 QGDDD
      3.750000 0.00027 DXGN
      3.000000 0.00021 DGXN
      3.000000 0.00021 DXXG
      3.000000 0.00021 XGXDD
      2.500000 0.00018 DXXGD
      2.000000 0.00014 GXXN
      2.000000 0.00014 QGDDN
      2.000000 0.00014 QGXXN
      1.625000 0.00012 DGDDN
      1.500000 0.00011 DDXXG
      1.500000 0.00011 QDDGXD
      1.500000 0.00011 QXG
      1.500000 0.00011 XXGXD
      1.250000 0.00009 XGXDN
      1.000000 0.00007 DXXGX
      1.000000 0.00007 GXXDN
      1.000000 0.00007 QGXDDD
      1.000000 0.00007 QXGN
      1.000000 0.00007 QXGXD
      1.000000 0.00007 QXXG
      1.000000 0.00007 XGDDN
      1.000000 0.00007 XGXDDN
      1.000000 0.00007 XGXXD
      0.500000 0.00004 DDDGN
      0.500000 0.00004 DDXGX
      0.500000 0.00004 GXXDD
      0.500000 0.00004 GXXDDD
      0.500000 0.00004 GXXX
      0.500000 0.00004 GXXXD
      0.500000 0.00004 QGXXDD
      0.500000 0.00004 XGDDD
      0.500000 0.00004 XXGXN
      0.250000 0.00002 DGXXDD
      0.250000 0.00002 GDDDN
      0.250000 0.00002 XXGDN
      0.125000 0.00001 DDGXDN

I don't know yet what to conclude from these numbers.  

For either class of core, the formula above allows 2 x 10 x10 x 2 = 400 possible patterns, but only 103 "G" patterns occur in the parags text, and only 36 "H" patterns, even with fractional counting.  Obviously there are some combinations of q,d,x,y,e,n  that are so rare that they could be excluded from the CMC model; but I don't see a simple rule yet. 

One notable thing is that words with H core are not only ~1/10 as common as those with G core, but the distribution of H patterns decays significantly faster.  In particular, there is a large drop from the first three patterns to the fourth one in the above list.

The most common "G" pattern with three benches "X" is XXGX, that occurs 16.5 times (~0.1% of all "G" patterns). There are  no "H" patterns with three benches.  

That may be just a consequence of "H" patterns being less common, but it is also consistent with the theory that an "H" element should be counted as one bench for the rule x+y <= 3.

All the best, --stolfi
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Messages In This Thread
A family of grammars for Voynichese - by Mauro - 27-11-2024, 04:19 PM
RE: A family of grammars for Voynichese - by Jorge_Stolfi - 29-12-2025, 04:32 AM
On the "ir" codas - by Jorge_Stolfi - 26-02-2026, 01:26 PM
RE: On the "ir" codas - by Jorge_Stolfi - 26-02-2026, 01:57 PM

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