Matching Plant Images Internally

[Jorge_Stolfi]

It is native to tropical and subtropical America. That alone puts it out of the running for me.

The C14 date rules out any plants native to the Americas, sure.  But why do you assume that the plants must be medicinal plants known in Europe in the 1400s?  

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From the pictures of herbs, of which there are a great many in the codex, and of varied images, stars and other things bearing the appearance of chemical symbolism, it is my guess that the whole thing is medical, the most beneficial branch of learning for the human race apart from the salvation of souls. This task is not beneath the dignity of a powerful intellect. After all, this thing cannot be for the masses as may be judged from the precautions the author took in order to keep the uneducated ignorant of it. In fact it is easily conceivable that some man of quality went to oriental parts in quest of true medicine (he would have grasped that popular medicine here in Europe is of little value). He would have acquired the treasures of Egyptian medicine partly from the written literature and also from associating with experts in the art, brought them back with him and buried them in this book in the same script. This is all the more plausible because the volume contains pictures of exotic plants which have escaped observation here in Germany.

So, the plan of looking for matches in European medical herbals of the time seems doomed to failure a priori.  It was tried, and failed, at least 500 years ago...

All the best, --stolfi