Speculative fraud hypothesis

[Mauro]

They had card games back then - in fact card games first appeared in Europe a few decades before the Voynich Manuscript was made.   Card games, in order to be fair, require shuffling before dealing hands.   They also, of course, had dice.


I'm not saying that words were generated by repeatedly throwing dice or dealing cards from a shuffled deck, but the VMs scribes would have been aware of at least those two methods of  generating random numbers.

And don't forget bingo (extracting tokens from a bag). I'm not sure, but I'd bet also spinning wheels were known.