The "4 Ages of Man" Folio

[bi3mw]

..... Notice how this plant specifically has five branches like the VMS plant and specifically has three fruits per cluster, like the VMS fruits on the left.....

You're right, technically, euphorbia is a good candidate. However, I haven't seen the fruits as a physical part of the plant, but as an added, pictorial description. I admit that this approach presupposes that the author(s) wanted to offer such a possibility. - or install another hurdle, depending on how you see it.

Overall, the plant on You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. looks very stylized. The partial brown heads on older plants might fit this illustration.

It is remarkable that in such situations I always want to look for flower heads on You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. to f89v1, in order to compare them against each other. Correct me, but I can't see any of them.