Helical structure of rosettes page

[Koen G]

When were those mountain passes made? What did they look like in medieval times? It might be that they already existed in this shape, but it's an important question to answer if you want to compare medieval artwork to modern photographs.

[Mark Knowles]

When were those mountain passes made? What did they look like in medieval times? It might be that they already existed in this shape, but it's an important question to answer if you want to compare medieval artwork to modern photographs.

Vineyard terraces existed in the Medieval period in the lower alps. I haven't seen an illustration of precisely how they looked in Medieval times, but I can't see a reason why they should have looked very different. In some places the terraces form steep steps down to the river.
Clearly, determining what a given mountain pass looked like in medieval times can be more difficult.

[Mark Knowles]

My opinion that the rosettes folio represents an original medieval map of a specific journey and not a copy of a pre-existing map has lead me to rely more a photos of buildings and geographical features than to look for identical illustrations in other medieval manuscripts. Though it is true that I believe that there certainly are some clear parallels with illustrations in other medieval maps and I have spent a lot of time looking at medieval maps.
I definitely believe that the author(s) had seen other medieval maps and I am sure that he/she/they was very influenced by these other works. However, I also believe that the rosettes "map" is an original work relying on the author(s)' own real world observations of buildings and landscapes in addition to the author(s)' imagination and design. I see no reason to believe that the author(s)' would have been incapable of such level of observation and original representation.
My attitude to the rosettes folio is similar to that of the Voynich manuscript as a whole, namely that it is an original work and not a copy of another manuscript. The unique nature of the Voynich manuscript is consistent with it being an original work by an inventive, imaginative and thoughtful author(s)'. So the manuscript is a product of its time, influenced by other contemporary manuscripts and documents whilst at the same moment being an original work with original imaginative and unique features.

[Mark Knowles]

Winding mountain passes

[Aga Tentakulus]

It is impossible to say when something was built. The Romans already built such facilities.
Many facilities have lost their importance, so that the remains of the walls are difficult to see. From one side of the mountain to the other. ( picture )
   

On the other hand, nothing is left of dry stone walls. They are built quickly and serve well in the short term. (Reconstruction)
   

With many you can only rely on the reconstruction. (Example)
       

Even the Mühlbacher Klause did not stand in the same place as it does today. What did it look like back then?
Here, too, a Roman wall stood first.
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[Aga Tentakulus]

       

On busy routes, a constant change.
Take the Schöllenen Gotthard Gorge, for example.
Apart from the tunnel, several bridges from different eras.
The remaining Roman bridge supports are marked in yellow. Previously wood.