R. Sale > 23-09-2021, 05:05 AM
Koen G > 23-09-2021, 01:39 PM
davidjackson > 23-09-2021, 02:54 PM
Koen G > 23-09-2021, 03:46 PM
Mark Knowles > 23-09-2021, 04:42 PM
davidjackson > 23-09-2021, 05:46 PM
(23-09-2021, 03:46 PM)Koen G Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.David, did you confirm for all of those buildings that they had swallowtail merlons pre-1450? For example the bridge from your first link has been completely rebuilt, and parts of the castle as well.Verona undertook a very careful reconstruction programme after WWII to replace medieval buildings destroyed during the war. The intention was to restore them to their original style, or as close as possible.
davidjackson > 23-09-2021, 05:59 PM
(23-09-2021, 04:42 PM)Mark Knowles Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.I wonder if they were almost like political parties such as Capitalists and Socialists or Liberals and Conservative. However I am not clear as it what extent one can differentiate between the political policies or positions of one party versus the other. I wonder to what extent people viewed them in terms of their own tribal identity i.e. my father was a Guelph so I am a Guelph, that is why I compare them to football clubs where ideology is not a consideration. Also I wonder to what extent they were more defined in opposition to one another, so for example, I hate the way that the Guelphs have been running my city therefore I support the Ghibilines. So that Guelphs are really anti-Ghibilines and Ghibilines are really anti-Guelphs.OK, stop thinking like that and you'll start to understand.
Mark Knowles > 23-09-2021, 08:16 PM
(23-09-2021, 05:59 PM)davidjackson Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.(23-09-2021, 04:42 PM)Mark Knowles Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.I wonder if they were almost like political parties such as Capitalists and Socialists or Liberals and Conservative. However I am not clear as it what extent one can differentiate between the political policies or positions of one party versus the other. I wonder to what extent people viewed them in terms of their own tribal identity i.e. my father was a Guelph so I am a Guelph, that is why I compare them to football clubs where ideology is not a consideration. Also I wonder to what extent they were more defined in opposition to one another, so for example, I hate the way that the Guelphs have been running my city therefore I support the Ghibilines. So that Guelphs are really anti-Ghibilines and Ghibilines are really anti-Guelphs.OK, stop thinking like that and you'll start to understand.
We are talking about factions here. The average serf had no choice in the matter, he and his family followed their master. The master followed their patron. The patron (doge) changed allegiance based on the politics of the era. An entire town could switch allegiance based on the whim of the doge. And the fact that a town had switched could cause their rival doges, who now found themselves on the same side, to switch in turn just to spite their enemy.... ie, when Milan switched to Guelph, the city of Parvia at once came out for the Ghibilines.
Koen G > 23-09-2021, 08:58 PM
Quote:By the end of the 15th century, however, it was clear that the old constructions had long passed their time and Czar Ivan the Great's visions. Between 1485 and 1495 a whole brigade of Italian architects took part in the erection of a new defence perimeter including Antonio Fryazin (Antonio Gilardi), Marko Fryazin (Marco Ruffo), Pyotr Fryazin (Pietro Antonio Solari) and Alexei Fryazin the Old (Aloisio da Milano).[7] (The term Fryazin was used to refer to all people of Italian origin at this time). The new walls were erected by building on top of the older walls (some white stone can still be seen at the base in some places).