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The Arma Christi [General discussion]
- The Arma Christi [General discussion]
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RE: The Arma Christi [General discussion]
arca_libraria > 25-08-2019, 09:38 PM
(25-08-2019, 09:27 PM)Koen G Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.That's a wonderful example, I've never seen anything quite like it. It really blurs the line between cloud mandorla shapes and those huge patterned VM flowers.
I haven't seen anything quite like it before either, but there are some really interesting similarities alongside the very obvious differences. -
RE: The Arma Christi
-JKP- > 25-08-2019, 10:34 PM
The rayed mandorla also reminds me of the toothy mountain on the "map" folio. -
RE: The Arma Christi [General discussion]
Koen G > 26-08-2019, 10:09 PM
So the plant I as reminded of was f90r. This is extremely tentative though, we don't even known what those red things represent or if they are just decoration.
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RE: The Arma Christi [General discussion]
-JKP- > 26-08-2019, 11:40 PM
I'm still puzzling over what the orbs might be in the pew carving.
They're not sacred hearts, the heart is in between them.
They have been arranged in a very treelike way in relationship to the cross, with the crown of thorns almost looking like leaves from a "cross tree". They are almost like fruits. Everything else in the image relates to the Arma Christi, so there's probably some meaning intended.
Arma Christi images are not combined with Adam and Eve pictures, so it's unlikely that they are forbidden fruit and they are not grapes (wine, "the fruit of my body").
One possibility... dates
Ascent to heaven has been described in the Bible in many ways. This is one of them: "I will climb the palm tree and pick its fruit”. Perhaps they are meant to be dates. A palm tree has a straight single trunk, like a cross and many parts of the Bible are associated with Egypt which, in turn, is often associated with palm trees.
In the Middle Ages, the Phoenix dactylifera palm was included in numerous herbal manuscripts and it was usually depicted with big clusters of fruits, hanging on each side or, as in this one from Tacuinum Sanitatus, as knobs that were out of scale in relation to the tree (bigger than they would be in real life).
If they are dates, it's a metaphor for ascent:
![[Image: 391695.jpg]](http://botanicalillustrations.org/ILLUSTRATIONS_HD_/391695.jpg)
Image courtesy of Plantillustrations.org
"The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree: he shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon." Psalm 92:12
It's not likely that they are coconuts, which is a southeast Asian tree that was not generally known in the west at the time.
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My guess is that they are pomegranates. This plant is included in numerous herbals and symbolizes resurrection. The carved knobs are fairly large (probably too large to be dates) and they are red. Based on the classical story of Persephone, the pomegranate was known as a symbol for death and renewal (as happens with the seasons changing and the plants dying back and returning in the spring). This fits with later Christian symbols for death and resurrection.
Pomegranate is also part of old Hebrew traditions, with pomegranate sticks being thrust crossways into the body of the sacrificial lamb.
Taddeo's fresco of the Passion and entombment includes a pomegranate tree to symbolize the Resurrection [J.C. Long, 1995].
But there is another possibility that it is apples, or generic fruit...
In Crivelli's time (mid- to late- 15th century) it became very popular to include fruit on either side of the Madonna's head in images of Madonna and child, sometimes a lot of fruit, sometimes only two large round fruits (often apples, pears, or peaches). Sometimes they are suspended in the air next to her head. Here's one with several fruits, but he sometimes only included one on each side:
![[Image: hb_49.7.5.jpg]](https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/images/hb/hb_49.7.5.jpg)
Courtesy of The Met
I suppose they might also be generic fruits, not any particular fruit (assuming they are fruit).
If they are fruit, I'm going to guess pomegranate for now, it's an ancient symbol for resurrection (in Greek times, there were artworks depicting the dead holding up a pomegranate). -
RE: The Arma Christi [General discussion]
-JKP- > 27-08-2019, 09:12 AM
I can see there's a crown of thorns hanging from the cross and they look very leaf-like, the way they are drawn.
But would the Tree of Life be drawn with two big red round orbs? They do look a bit like fruit to me but wouldn't the kind of fruit be important if everything else in the image is symbolic? (I don't know the answers to these questions, I'm just asking.) -
RE: The Arma Christi [General discussion]
Helmut Winkler > 27-08-2019, 09:58 AM
The orbs are apples and they are as real or symbolic as the nails or other things, the apple tree is symbolizing Paradise growing/coming out of the Cross, Paradise and the promised Eternal Life coming out of the death of Christ on the cross, these iuxtapositions are common in medieval theological thought -
RE: The Arma Christi [General discussion]
-JKP- > 27-08-2019, 11:20 AM
That's why I was wondering if they might be pomegranates, because they symbolize ascension (and they are bright red).
But Crivelli and other painters often used apples (and pears, and other fruits) on either side of the Virgin Mary.
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PS: I need to find a better link for that date palm image. It's a public domain image but I guess the site doesn't like cross-links. -
RE: The Arma Christi [General discussion]
Koen G > 27-08-2019, 11:35 AM
On the order of scenes, note that these don't have to be chronological at all. Check the description of the first book of this ms: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
There's also some interesting Arma in there, like four nails instead of three.
It might be worthwhile to hunt down more German (language) AC manuscripts. -
RE: The Arma Christi [General discussion]
Koen G > 28-08-2019, 12:32 PM
Rather than Arma Christi per se (whether in one image or separate images) I'm leaning increasingly towards a series of scenes as was often found in books of hours. Given the importance of the Passion in late medieval Christianity, the Arma Christi were often included here, as a separate section, as part of their respective scenes, or both.
An example is the "Road to Calvary" from the Très Riches Heures. The trumpet and banners are thematically similar items, both used to mock-herald the king of the Jews. Looking at You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. , you can see how the construction (and even orientation) of the trumpet is similar, as well as the banners rising above. Hence, if this comparison is correct, I would say that the VM programme transcends the simple depiction of the Arma as isolated objects.