Koen Gh,
"In any other manuscript..."
In which type of manuscript do we find such illustrations?
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In the medical texts of Arderne the tailed and untailed stars (some with dots) are not purely decorative or doodling. They refer to something in the text.
In Hunter MS 135, as pointed out by MarcoP in his comment to my blogpost, they are referenced in the text by the expression “signum depingitur” (a figure is painted). They usually illustrate a flower or a medical condition (fistula) mentioned in the medical text.
However, these are not systematic like those in Q20. What can be systematic is the tails (see Hunter MS 185 in my blogpost), which act as a marker for each remedy.
Going back to Nick Pelling's post, he also argues that the stars could act as an "item" marker.