A One-Page Ledger Method for Generating Voynich-Like Text

[Dunsel]

I reworked one of my comparison tests to operate at the sheet level. What this appears to show is that the manuscript is not behaving like a collection of unrelated pages. Certain sheets are much more similar to specific other sheets than to the manuscript as a whole, especially in Quire 13 and Quire 20.

That is consistent with what I would expect from a copy-and-modify process, where words and word families are repeatedly reused and gradually altered over time, creating clusters of closely related sheets instead of uniformly random text.

This alone does not prove a copy-and-modify system. A natural language text could also produce local clustering through shared topics, scribal habits, or repeated terminology. At the same time, not all sheets correlate most strongly with their immediate neighbors. Some show stronger affinity to more distant sheets, which is also consistent with my broader analyzer results suggesting that sheets may draw from small recurring source pools rather than strictly adjacent pages alone.

Sheet	Closest Match	Pearson	Cosine	Mean
Quire 1 Sheet 1 (q1s1)
	Quire 6 Sheet 2 (q6s2)	0.738570	0.785728	0.762149
	Quire 1 Sheet 2 (q1s2)	0.612324	0.701843	0.657084
	Quire 7 Sheet 1 (q7s1)	0.619659	0.693897	0.656778
Quire 1 Sheet 2 (q1s2)
	Quire 7 Sheet 1 (q7s1)	0.666632	0.744950	0.705791
	Quire 2 Sheet 2 (q2s2)	0.667659	0.742020	0.704840
	Quire 3 Sheet 4 (q3s4)	0.638953	0.736955	0.687954
Quire 1 Sheet 3 (q1s3)
	Quire 3 Sheet 1 (q3s1)	0.528717	0.656501	0.592609
	Quire 2 Sheet 2 (q2s2)	0.531632	0.626589	0.579111
	Quire 1 Sheet 1 (q1s1)	0.496705	0.606720	0.551712
Quire 1 Sheet 4 (q1s4)
	Quire 3 Sheet 4 (q3s4)	0.638768	0.733743	0.686256
	Quire 2 Sheet 2 (q2s2)	0.639366	0.723205	0.681285
	Quire 4 Sheet 1 (q4s1)	0.648412	0.709008	0.678710
Quire 2 Sheet 1 (q2s1)
	Quire 2 Sheet 2 (q2s2)	0.711392	0.773835	0.742613
	Quire 3 Sheet 3 (q3s3)	0.639688	0.710703	0.675196
	Quire 5 Sheet 4 (q5s4)	0.607467	0.679974	0.643720
Quire 2 Sheet 2 (q2s2)
	Quire 2 Sheet 1 (q2s1)	0.711392	0.773835	0.742613
	Quire 3 Sheet 3 (q3s3)	0.686641	0.747322	0.716982
	Quire 5 Sheet 4 (q5s4)	0.683149	0.740385	0.711767
Quire 2 Sheet 3 (q2s3)
	Quire 5 Sheet 4 (q5s4)	0.639470	0.706742	0.673106
	Quire 2 Sheet 2 (q2s2)	0.610292	0.697264	0.653778
	Quire 3 Sheet 3 (q3s3)	0.613912	0.693052	0.653482
Quire 2 Sheet 4 (q2s4)
	Quire 7 Sheet 1 (q7s1)	0.430707	0.573375	0.502041
	Quire 3 Sheet 3 (q3s3)	0.424867	0.574041	0.499454
	Quire 2 Sheet 3 (q2s3)	0.395196	0.577715	0.486455
Quire 3 Sheet 1 (q3s1)
	Quire 1 Sheet 3 (q1s3)	0.528717	0.656501	0.592609
	Quire 19 Sheet 2 (q19s2)	0.498225	0.621177	0.559701
	Quire 1 Sheet 1 (q1s1)	0.494887	0.621925	0.558406
Quire 3 Sheet 2 (q3s2)
	Quire 3 Sheet 3 (q3s3)	0.509947	0.613904	0.561926
	Quire 2 Sheet 2 (q2s2)	0.470679	0.596163	0.533421
	Quire 4 Sheet 1 (q4s1)	0.472432	0.562973	0.517703
Quire 3 Sheet 3 (q3s3)
	Quire 5 Sheet 4 (q5s4)	0.790320	0.825820	0.808070
	Quire 4 Sheet 1 (q4s1)	0.785575	0.817966	0.801770
	Quire 5 Sheet 3 (q5s3)	0.696172	0.752013	0.724092
Quire 3 Sheet 4 (q3s4)
	Quire 7 Sheet 1 (q7s1)	0.718656	0.782494	0.750575
	Quire 2 Sheet 2 (q2s2)	0.660336	0.737009	0.698673
	Quire 1 Sheet 2 (q1s2)	0.638953	0.736955	0.687954
Quire 4 Sheet 1 (q4s1)
	Quire 5 Sheet 4 (q5s4)	0.817946	0.843787	0.830866
	Quire 5 Sheet 3 (q5s3)	0.803942	0.832919	0.818431
	Quire 3 Sheet 3 (q3s3)	0.785575	0.817966	0.801770
Quire 4 Sheet 2 (q4s2)
	Quire 13 Sheet 1 (q13s1)	0.503905	0.586732	0.545318
	Quire 5 Sheet 2 (q5s2)	0.464865	0.603391	0.534128
	Quire 6 Sheet 3 (q6s3)	0.461342	0.603957	0.532650
Quire 4 Sheet 3 (q4s3)
	Quire 7 Sheet 1 (q7s1)	0.604012	0.697502	0.650757
	Quire 6 Sheet 2 (q6s2)	0.569787	0.666633	0.618210
	Quire 3 Sheet 4 (q3s4)	0.549608	0.671661	0.610635
Quire 4 Sheet 4 (q4s4)
	Quire 2 Sheet 2 (q2s2)	0.639485	0.725273	0.682379
	Quire 3 Sheet 4 (q3s4)	0.611928	0.719979	0.665954
	Quire 7 Sheet 1 (q7s1)	0.617309	0.704995	0.661152
Quire 5 Sheet 1 (q5s1)
	Quire 5 Sheet 2 (q5s2)	0.675752	0.752361	0.714057
	Quire 7 Sheet 2 (q7s2)	0.633491	0.729379	0.681435
	Quire 20 Sheet 4 (q20s4)	0.520811	0.583510	0.552161
Quire 5 Sheet 2 (q5s2)
	Quire 5 Sheet 1 (q5s1)	0.675752	0.752361	0.714057
	Quire 6 Sheet 3 (q6s3)	0.619137	0.714398	0.666768
	Quire 7 Sheet 2 (q7s2)	0.569341	0.674544	0.621943
Quire 5 Sheet 3 (q5s3)
	Quire 4 Sheet 1 (q4s1)	0.803942	0.832919	0.818431
	Quire 5 Sheet 4 (q5s4)	0.726317	0.772944	0.749630
	Quire 3 Sheet 3 (q3s3)	0.696172	0.752013	0.724092
Quire 5 Sheet 4 (q5s4)
	Quire 4 Sheet 1 (q4s1)	0.817946	0.843787	0.830866
	Quire 3 Sheet 3 (q3s3)	0.790320	0.825820	0.808070
	Quire 5 Sheet 3 (q5s3)	0.726317	0.772944	0.749630
Quire 6 Sheet 1 (q6s1)
	Quire 6 Sheet 3 (q6s3)	0.412365	0.597777	0.505071
	Quire 20 Sheet 6 (q20s6)	0.453805	0.543655	0.498730
	Quire 13 Sheet 1 (q13s1)	0.444410	0.548235	0.496322
Quire 6 Sheet 2 (q6s2)
	Quire 1 Sheet 1 (q1s1)	0.738570	0.785728	0.762149
	Quire 7 Sheet 1 (q7s1)	0.701692	0.759352	0.730522
	Quire 3 Sheet 4 (q3s4)	0.644373	0.720588	0.682481
Quire 6 Sheet 3 (q6s3)
	Quire 5 Sheet 2 (q5s2)	0.619137	0.714398	0.666768
	Quire 20 Sheet 3 (q20s3)	0.489479	0.580730	0.535104
	Quire 4 Sheet 2 (q4s2)	0.461342	0.603957	0.532650
Quire 6 Sheet 4 (q6s4)
	Quire 2 Sheet 2 (q2s2)	0.484621	0.609233	0.546927
	Quire 2 Sheet 1 (q2s1)	0.426874	0.612524	0.519699
	Quire 2 Sheet 3 (q2s3)	0.445476	0.588755	0.517115
Quire 7 Sheet 1 (q7s1)
	Quire 3 Sheet 4 (q3s4)	0.718656	0.782494	0.750575
	Quire 6 Sheet 2 (q6s2)	0.701692	0.759352	0.730522
	Quire 1 Sheet 2 (q1s2)	0.666632	0.744950	0.705791
Quire 7 Sheet 2 (q7s2)
	Quire 5 Sheet 1 (q5s1)	0.633491	0.729379	0.681435
	Quire 5 Sheet 2 (q5s2)	0.569341	0.674544	0.621943
	Quire 20 Sheet 3 (q20s3)	0.545362	0.613511	0.579437
Quire 7 Sheet 3 (q7s3)
	Quire 19 Sheet 2 (q19s2)	0.494754	0.615074	0.554914
	Quire 17 Sheet 1 (q17s1)	0.472687	0.630905	0.551796
	Quire 3 Sheet 1 (q3s1)	0.425250	0.600156	0.512703
Quire 7 Sheet 4 (q7s4)
	Quire 5 Sheet 4 (q5s4)	0.499364	0.594524	0.546944
	Quire 3 Sheet 3 (q3s3)	0.488857	0.597364	0.543111
	Quire 2 Sheet 2 (q2s2)	0.458215	0.590065	0.524140
Quire 8 Sheet 1 (q8s1)
	Quire 6 Sheet 3 (q6s3)	0.257227	0.436389	0.346808
	Quire 13 Sheet 1 (q13s1)	0.287917	0.398632	0.343275
	Quire 20 Sheet 3 (q20s3)	0.270727	0.404701	0.337714
Quire 8 Sheet 2 (q8s2)
	Quire 20 Sheet 4 (q20s4)	0.443076	0.551508	0.497292
	Quire 20 Sheet 5 (q20s5)	0.436977	0.547381	0.492179
	Quire 5 Sheet 1 (q5s1)	0.413948	0.540531	0.477239
Quire 10 Sheet 1 (q10s1)
	Quire 8 Sheet 2 (q8s2)	0.360871	0.520528	0.440699
	Quire 20 Sheet 4 (q20s4)	0.332859	0.437859	0.385359
	Quire 11 Sheet 1 (q11s1)	0.250932	0.508714	0.379823
Quire 11 Sheet 1 (q11s1)
	Quire 20 Sheet 4 (q20s4)	0.428510	0.507518	0.468014
	Quire 20 Sheet 5 (q20s5)	0.381054	0.477716	0.429385
	Quire 20 Sheet 3 (q20s3)	0.334403	0.437608	0.386005
Quire 12 Sheet 1 (q12s1)
	Quire 10 Sheet 1 (q10s1)	0.091711	0.429769	0.260740
	Quire 20 Sheet 4 (q20s4)	0.167399	0.307395	0.237397
	Quire 8 Sheet 2 (q8s2)	0.107132	0.353295	0.230213
Quire 13 Sheet 1 (q13s1)
	Quire 13 Sheet 4 (q13s4)	0.876554	0.891779	0.884166
	Quire 13 Sheet 2 (q13s2)	0.794608	0.818532	0.806570
	Quire 13 Sheet 5 (q13s5)	0.790289	0.817012	0.803650
Quire 13 Sheet 2 (q13s2)
	Quire 13 Sheet 3 (q13s3)	0.870040	0.884687	0.877364
	Quire 13 Sheet 1 (q13s1)	0.794608	0.818532	0.806570
	Quire 20 Sheet 1 (q20s1)	0.735346	0.768024	0.751685
Quire 13 Sheet 3 (q13s3)
	Quire 13 Sheet 2 (q13s2)	0.870040	0.884687	0.877364
	Quire 13 Sheet 1 (q13s1)	0.770537	0.797586	0.784062
	Quire 13 Sheet 5 (q13s5)	0.721673	0.756828	0.739250
Quire 13 Sheet 4 (q13s4)
	Quire 13 Sheet 1 (q13s1)	0.876554	0.891779	0.884166
	Quire 13 Sheet 5 (q13s5)	0.794138	0.818786	0.806462
	Quire 13 Sheet 2 (q13s2)	0.685743	0.722164	0.703953
Quire 13 Sheet 5 (q13s5)
	Quire 13 Sheet 4 (q13s4)	0.794138	0.818786	0.806462
	Quire 13 Sheet 1 (q13s1)	0.790289	0.817012	0.803650
	Quire 20 Sheet 1 (q20s1)	0.731929	0.768713	0.750321
Quire 15 Sheet 1 (q15s1)
	Quire 19 Sheet 2 (q19s2)	0.195890	0.415680	0.305785
	Quire 4 Sheet 1 (q4s1)	0.193468	0.377629	0.285549
	Quire 3 Sheet 3 (q3s3)	0.152643	0.372895	0.262769
Quire 15 Sheet 2 (q15s2)
	Quire 19 Sheet 2 (q19s2)	0.480138	0.614009	0.547073
	Quire 7 Sheet 3 (q7s3)	0.359650	0.566087	0.462868
	Quire 3 Sheet 1 (q3s1)	0.268906	0.510035	0.389471
Quire 17 Sheet 1 (q17s1)
	Quire 7 Sheet 3 (q7s3)	0.472687	0.630905	0.551796
	Quire 19 Sheet 2 (q19s2)	0.400173	0.545924	0.473049
	Quire 1 Sheet 3 (q1s3)	0.388305	0.547121	0.467713
Quire 17 Sheet 2 (q17s2)
	Quire 5 Sheet 1 (q5s1)	0.415730	0.605162	0.510446
	Quire 20 Sheet 3 (q20s3)	0.458740	0.550560	0.504650
	Quire 5 Sheet 2 (q5s2)	0.412126	0.586891	0.499508
Quire 19 Sheet 1 (q19s1)
	Quire 19 Sheet 2 (q19s2)	0.478109	0.610468	0.544288
	Quire 7 Sheet 3 (q7s3)	0.297804	0.520092	0.408948
	Quire 3 Sheet 3 (q3s3)	0.280833	0.434393	0.357613
Quire 19 Sheet 2 (q19s2)
	Quire 7 Sheet 1 (q7s1)	0.541257	0.627063	0.584160
	Quire 3 Sheet 4 (q3s4)	0.523183	0.623006	0.573094
	Quire 3 Sheet 1 (q3s1)	0.498225	0.621177	0.559701
Quire 20 Sheet 1 (q20s1)
	Quire 20 Sheet 6 (q20s6)	0.765874	0.793804	0.779839
	Quire 13 Sheet 2 (q13s2)	0.735346	0.768024	0.751685
	Quire 13 Sheet 5 (q13s5)	0.731929	0.768713	0.750321
Quire 20 Sheet 2 (q20s2)
	Quire 20 Sheet 4 (q20s4)	0.723869	0.774492	0.749180
	Quire 20 Sheet 5 (q20s5)	0.700254	0.749052	0.724653
	Quire 20 Sheet 3 (q20s3)	0.658746	0.725649	0.692198
Quire 20 Sheet 3 (q20s3)
	Quire 20 Sheet 4 (q20s4)	0.740062	0.784679	0.762371
	Quire 20 Sheet 5 (q20s5)	0.690327	0.740376	0.715352
	Quire 20 Sheet 2 (q20s2)	0.658746	0.725649	0.692198
Quire 20 Sheet 4 (q20s4)
	Quire 20 Sheet 5 (q20s5)	0.812893	0.840823	0.826858
	Quire 20 Sheet 3 (q20s3)	0.740062	0.784679	0.762371
	Quire 20 Sheet 2 (q20s2)	0.723869	0.774492	0.749180
Quire 20 Sheet 5 (q20s5)
	Quire 20 Sheet 4 (q20s4)	0.812893	0.840823	0.826858
	Quire 20 Sheet 6 (q20s6)	0.770385	0.799424	0.784904
	Quire 20 Sheet 2 (q20s2)	0.700254	0.749052	0.724653
Quire 20 Sheet 6 (q20s6)
	Quire 20 Sheet 5 (q20s5)	0.770385	0.799424	0.784904
	Quire 20 Sheet 1 (q20s1)	0.765874	0.793804	0.779839
	Quire 13 Sheet 2 (q13s2)	0.735210	0.762953	0.749082