What is this?

[-JKP-]

I'm not a native speaker and have no experience with this script, but it looks like the last word in the line reads "Holz", in that case it's certainly wood.

Koen, the word that you marked with ??? is "drechsler". These days, it's a surname, but in the middle ages, it meant a wood turner (as in the profession) or a wood turning tool (forerunner of the lathe).

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Other examples from a 1594 book about fire-arms.
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The text is describing how to take and prepare the ingredients (e.g., ash) for cultivating saltpeter.

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[Edit: Addition (the forum software won't let me post this as a separate post)]

One of the things that stands out about the VMS, at a time when warfare was constant and was frequently depicted in manuscripts, is that it's devoid of traditional references to knights, armor, and weapons.


Saltpeter is almost always associated with weaponry (bombs and cannonballs have been around a long time in Europe and especially in east Asia) but it was also used for fireworks and, something I didn't know until recently, apparently it has long been used with kindling to make it ignite more readily.