Scientific Progress

[R. Sale]

That does sum it up. There is a discrepancy present. For any collector of manuscripts relevant to cosmic diagrams, there would be the work of Sacrobosco, where the representations of the cosmic diagram all follow the onion paradigm with all the planetary spheres. That was the standard knowledge for the era, and the very minimal, [Parisian], simplification of the cosmic diagram was something of a rather limited abnormality. Yet the VMs somehow follows this simplified, 'planetless', cosmic structure, though the artist is clearly playing other games - abandoning the pictorial format for the Earth, altering the stars, playing hide and seek with the 43 undulations vs BNF Fr. 565, and going beyond the nebuly line as a cosmic boundary to represent Shirakatsi's wheel with eight curved spokes. And, on the other side of the cosmic boundary, there are potentially significant bands of written text.

It is a diverse and dissonant pairing that has allowed the VMs cosmos to elude historical interpretation.
I make no claim to either discovery.