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Does anyone know if any of the medieval sources include vernacular names for lunaria?

As far as I know, there are two types of Lunaria. There is on the one hand the biennial, variant ( Lunaria annua ), which grows today mainly in gardens. On the other hand there is the wild, perennial species ( Lunaria rediviva ). I would speculate that in the Middle Ages the Lunaria rediviva was more widespread. So probably this species was meant when for example a Lunaria was depicted in a manuscript. But this is, as said, a speculation. Against it speaks that the naming listed by you (Silbertaler, Silberling, Judaspfennig  ...) probably rather refers to the Lunaria annua.