word structures and systems
Petrasti > Yesterday, 02:23 PM
I will try to list a few conspicuous systems in the Voynich manuscript that I personally consider to be (grammatical) markers or at least verifiable systems.
my Assumption for this thread: a and y = a
word search = voynichese.com
1) the regularitiy of c+h to ch
more than 85% of the words that begin with the c+h also begin with ch
(clustered words see nr. 2 not considered separately)
over 85% (or more if we separate the clustered words) are the same "c+h" and "ch"
(This system is already widely accepted)
2) The clusterd words:
we find often words that occur both individually / separate and as word clusters.
For example the word: tol
F21r: tolchory we also find it separately tol and chory
F 21v: toldc+hy we also also find it separately tol and dc+hy
F39r: tolkchdy we also find separately tol and kchdy
F38r: tolor we also find it separately tol and or
F48r: tolkeol we also find it separately tol and keol
For example the word: chol
F6v: choldar we also find it separately chol and dar
F34r: cholchedy we also find it separately chol and chedy
F22r: choldchy we also find it separately chol and dchy
F29v: cholody we also find it separately chol and ody
F17r: choldc+hy we also find it separately chol and dc+hy
Some more clusted words that we find also as single words:
cheodam or cheo and dam
kamdam or kam and dam
cheodar or cheo and dar
qokalchey or qotal and chey or qo kal ceey
We frequently encounter these word clusters in the manuscript. However, there seems to be no specific system governing whether the words are written separately or together.
3) The system of prefix, baseword and sufix
There are already several threads that deal extensively with the topic of word structure in the Voynich Manuscript, dividing word formation into prefix, base, and suffix. However, the question remains: what is the base word, and how can it be identified?
Or on the other way, can we locate the prefixes and sufixes?
(I will address the prefixes in this thread)
the first prefix that is widely accepted as a prefix is qo- qo -
In the first step, we could assume that the word qo- qo - is followed by the base word, possibly with a sufix. As for example:
qotol, qokchdy, qokeor, qochol, qodal, qochedy, qodchy, qoody
Qotol, qokchdy, qokeor, qochol, qodal, qochedy, qodchy, qoody
In some cases, this does indeed appear to be the case. However, there are special cases in which it seems that the gallows characters or other prefixes following the prefix qo- before the baseword starts.
(so the gallow sign can be both another prefix and /or the first letter of a word)
Evidence for the function of prefixes as above mentioned:
We find the word: eees if we could assume that eees is a base word because we find the follwogin form, too:
Also we find the word qoeees with the prefix qo, we find also oeees but never qooeees
So we can assume that the word oeees ist eees with the prefix o
The same happend with deees we never find the word qodeees we can assume that d is an prefix of eees
we find a possible evidence that the gallow signs in part are prefixes:
we find the word qoteees and oteees as above mentioned the baseword eees but never the word teees
we can take the word dor (73x in the manuscript)
we find the word as: qodor and also as: qotedor also as okedor and odor but never as kedor
The assumption that the root words have prefixes (as mentioned above) arises from a closer examination of the words; however, this is currently my subjective assumption. Therefore, I searched the manuscript for a system that works for a larger number of words.
4) the "
e"
extention
o/a/y to eo/ea/ey
This could be one way to identify the root words. Words whose second letter is "o" or „a/y“
(a/y being less common) tend to change their stem by adding an "e" before the "o" or „a/y“
Here some examples:
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This system could be one approach to separating prefixes from word stems. It doesn't always work since not every word has a partner with „e“ However, after analyzing the word structures in the manuscript and considering the strong arguments for a prefix-base-suffix system, it could help answer the question of prefixes and word stems. If we find and analyze enough words with the word structure "e", we discover the same prefix systems even in words that don't have an "e" extension.
The system shown below illustrates how the prefixes repeat themselves in the same form.
If we allow for a moment the assumtion, that e.g. daiin is a baseword because we find also deaiin we can search for the Prefixes:
odaiin, ydaiin, qodaiin, chodaiin, padaiin, todaiin, tedaiin, chedaiin, c+hedaiin, chdaiin, c+hdaiin, c+hpydaiin, pc+hdaiin, sodaiin, ytodaiin, tchdaiin, oldaiin, chodaiin, cheodaiin, qochodaiin, dodaiin
for example the word chol (cheol)
ochol, ychol, ypchol, dchol, otchol, qotchol, chopchol, kchol, okchol, tchol, qochol,
kchol, fchol, opchol, ofchol, ytchol, schol, chechol,
next example kol (keol)
okol, ykol, dkol, qokol, chkol, chokol, c+hkol, lkol, otykol, c+heekol,
next example tol (teol)
ytol, otol, qotol, cheotol, chotol, chtol, c+hotol, kc+hotol, totol, potol,
we can use also examples in which the above mentionted system doesnt take place.
What we see ist that the system is the same. We always find the same prefixes.
kaiin (no keaiin found) but as we use the word kaiin as baseword we find the same prefixes as above:
Ykaiin, okaiin. Qokaiin, qykaiin, chkaiin, c+hkaiin, chokaiin, sykaiin, kokaiin, chekaiin, skaiin, lkaiin, olkaiin, cheykaiin, ykykaiin, chekaiin, c+hekaiin, qekaiin, cheekaiin, ekaiin, oekaiin, qoekaiin,
one question what I asked me is how could it be sure that kaiin is the baseword? Could k also be the prefix of aiin (as we find aiin in the manuscipt with all prefixes, too) but if you broaden your search you find chkeaiin, qokeaiin, okeaiin with the same prefixes as we still know. There are for sure still the last possibility that ke ist a prefix too (as it coud be), so we would deal with the word aiin but as we find the word kokaiin it is nearly sure that kaiin is the baseword because we never find kok as prefix.
We can make more expample: kor (keor)
okor, ykor, qokor, qekor, oekor, chkor, chokor, cheokor, lkor, chekor, c+hokor, olekor,
The word cho (cheo)
ocho, ycho, qocho, dcho, scho, tcho, otcho, pcho, opcho, kcho, okcho, ofcho, ykcho, ytcho, qotcho, qofcho, qokcho, chetcho, qokecho,
example chor (cheor)
ochor, ychor, qchor, tchor, otchor, ytchor, kchor, okchor, ykchor, pchor, opchor, ypchor, fchor, ofchor, yfchor, qokchor, qotchor, qopchor, qofchor, chochor, schor, lchor, dchor,
example: chain (cheain)
ychain, schain, dchain, qokchain, kchain, opchain,
we can also seach for the prefixes of cheain - ycheain, tcheain, ocheain
Although it is debatable because of the letter spacing in the manuscript, some of the single prefixes seem to occur both connected to the base word and on their own. (as we can see under point 2 based on the clustered words)
so we find the following single prefixes:
o, y, s, l, d, ch, c+h, e, q, t, k, p, f
and also the form of two letters:
do, so, qo, qy, qe, ol,
po, py, pe
to, ty te
ko, ka ke
cho, cha,
and three letters (cho, chy to cheo, chey)
cheo, chey,
5) The gallow signs
If we start with prefixes, base words and suffixes, we must also look at the topic of the gallow signs as they are used as prefixes and also as part of the base words.
As mentioned earlier, we find gallows signs as prefixes.
If we look at word stems that begin with "ch", we find those in which the gallows symbols are located within and before the "ch".
chor, cheor, pchor, kchor, fchor, tchor, kcheor, pcheor, tcheor,
cPhor, cKhor, cKhor, cpheor, ckheor, cpheor
next word:
chol, cheol, pchol, kchol, tchol, fchol, tcheol, kcheol, pcheol, fcheol
cphol, ckhol, cthol, cfhol, cpheol, ckheol, cfheol, ctheol
next word:
cho, cheo, pcho, kcho, tcho, kcho, pcheo, kcheo, tcheo,
cpho, ctho, ckho, cpheo, ctheo ckheo, cfheo
next word:
choy, cheoy, kchoy, fchoy, pcheoy, cphoy, ckhoy, cfhoy
next word:
chs, ches, kchs, fchs, ckhs, cfhs, cths, cthes,
next word:
chd, ched, pchd tchd, tched, pched, cthd,
next word:
chod, cheod, tchod, pchod, kchod, tcheod, cphod, cthod, ckhod, ctheod, ckheod
next word:
chaiin, cheaiin, pchaiin, kchaiin, tchaiin, cthaiin, cphaiin, ckhaiin, cfhaiin,
next word:
chody, cheody, kchody, tchody, pchody, cthody, ckhody, cphody, pcheody, tcheody, kcheody, fcheody, ckheody, cpheody, ctheody, cfheody
next word:
chdy, chedy, kchdy, tchdy, pchdy, fchdy, cthdy, ckhdy, cfhdy, pchedy, tchedy, fchedy, kchedy, cthedy, ckhedy, cphedy,
next word:
chy, chey, kchy, pchy, tchy, fchy, ckhy, cphy, cthy, ckhy,
kchey, pchey, tchey, fchey, ckhey, cphey, cthey, cfhey
What we see is a repetition-based prefix system, so we can assume that the base word is always the same and only the prefixes change.