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Inside the Voynich Network: graph analysis

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• Inside the Voynich Network: graph analysis

• RE: Inside the Voynich Network: graph analysis

  Rafal > 20-11-2025, 12:01 PM

  This graph supports my earlier impression that Voynich language is more similar to languages with declension like Latin.
  
  I counted once percentages for unique words in some texts. Declension languages have more unique words because the same word takes different forms.And VM has relatively high percentage of unique words.
  
  On the other hand the words in VM don't have any internal patterns typical for declension like the same word core with different suffixes

• RE: Inside the Voynich Network: graph analysis

  Jorge_Stolfi > 20-11-2025, 12:36 PM

  (20-11-2025, 10:19 AM)Jorge_Stolfi Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.Thanks for all this data, but let me emphasize again that those metrics are not properties of the language, but of the text.  You observed it yourself, on the previous post where you explained what the fragility measure means. 

  
  PS. A clarification: the language can have a large impact on those metrics, but because translation can severely break the 1-1 correspondence between the lexicons, and scramble the word order in sentences.   For instance, the word "sing" in English can be translated into dozens of different words in Latin or Romance, or into two separate words in Mandarin.  A noun in Latin will often be translated into article+noun in Romance (and with 4 different articles).  The actual structure of these changes is not as important as the mere fact that nodes of one graph get split and scrambled in the other.  This fact alone means that graph features like cliques, hubs, cycles, paths, etc.  can be created or destroyed by the translation. (In just-made-up jargon, translation does not entail an isomorphism between the two graphs, but at best a messy irregular homeomorphism.  The metrics are invariant under the former but not under the latter).
  
  All the best, --stolfi

• RE: Inside the Voynich Network: graph analysis

  quimqu > 20-11-2025, 12:45 PM

  (20-11-2025, 10:40 AM)nablator Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

  (07-11-2025, 11:24 PM)quimqu Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.This first part of the analysis is based on directed word-to-word graphs, where each edge connects a token A → B if word B follows A in the text. This approach keeps the natural direction of information flow, unlike undirected co-occurrence graphs that only record proximity.

  
  What are your exact criteria of co-occurrence? Is there a distance limit?
  
  With bifolia possibly reordered (wrong page order) and non-sequential components (paragraphs, circular texts, radial texts, labels, etc.) the VMS cannot be processed like other texts.

  
  I use a indow of 5 tokens. I did some tests only with pargaphs and long sentences, taking into account the "full stops" (so that the window does not take the next or previous tokens when we arrive at the end of the paragraph) You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

• RE: Inside the Voynich Network: graph analysis

  quimqu > 20-11-2025, 12:52 PM

  (20-11-2025, 10:19 AM)Jorge_Stolfi Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

  (20-11-2025, 09:39 AM)quimqu Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.the differences are very large and indicate a completely different behavior from any natural language.ces, but it does not imply that the Voynich behaves like or unlike any specific language in terms of meaning or topic.

  
  Thanks for all this data, but let me emphasize again that those metrics are not properties of the language, but of the text.  You observed it yourself, on the previous post where you explained what the fragility measure means.  
  
  Moreover, as the Pentateuch test shows, they are not properties of the semantics contents of the text either, but only of the patterns in which the words occur.  Even two translations of the same text into the same language (see the two Chinese versions) will give different metrics.
  
  So the correct statement would be "the word occurrence patterns of the Voynich text do not resemble the word occurrence patterns of those translations of the Pentateuch."    Which is not unexpected, since the structure of the text of the typical Herbal is very different from that of a narrative like the Pentateuch.
  
  The next interesting test would be to compare the Voynich Herbal texts with the texts of Marco's Alchemical Herbal, in Latin and English. 
  
  All the best, --stolfi

  
  You are right, I updated the post.
  
  I will give a try comparing Voynich to Marco's Alchemical Herbal. It would also be good to have othe herbals in different languages. I will try to search for them.

• RE: Inside the Voynich Network: graph analysis

  quimqu > 20-11-2025, 01:32 PM

  (20-11-2025, 12:01 PM)Rafal Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.This graph supports my earlier impression that Voynich language is more similar to languages with declension like Latin.
  
  I counted once percentages for unique words in some texts. Declension languages have more unique words because the same word takes different forms.And VM has relatively high percentage of unique words.
  
  On the other hand the words in VM don't have any internal patterns typical for declension like the same word core with different suffixes

  
  Please not that the PCA does not show similarity. If you look at the table, latin is the most different language, in terms of graph structure.
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