RE: Historically significant events in Europe between 1404 and 1438
Mark Knowles > 18-01-2021, 06:58 PM
1404
Owain Glyn Dwr captures Aberystwyth and Harlech from the English and sets up an independent Welsh administration
1406
Pisa is captured by Florence, to be followed a few years later by the purchase of the seaport of Livorno
On the death of his father, Robert III, James I becomes king of Scotland
1407
Rivalry between factions of the French royal family results in the murder in Paris of the king's brother, Louis duke of Orléans, and the onset of civil war
1408
Driven from Aberystwyth and Harlech, Owain Glyn Dwr loses support - and the last Welsh rebellion fades away
1409
The Council at Pisa elects a new pope, Alexander V, without persuading the other two to resign - bringing the total to an unprecedented three
1410
The Poles defeat the Teutonic knights between Tannenberg and Grunwald, bringing the coastal strip around Gdansk into the Polish kingdom
1411
The linen drapers of Florence commission a statue of St Mark from Donatello, who carves for Orsanmichele the first free-standing Renaissance sculpture
1412
The three Limburg brothers illustrate for the duke of Berry the Très Riches Heures, one of the masterpieces of International Gothic
1413
Henry V succeeds his father, Henry IV, as king of England
1414
A council is called at Constance, to consider the radical views of John Huss and to deal with the present excess of popes
1415
Filippo Brunelleschi begins studying the ruins of classical Rome, with a view to rediscovering classical architecture
John Huss, invited to Constance under a promise of safe conduct, is arrested, tried and burnt at the stake as a heretic
Henry V captures the French stronghold of Harfleur - where, in Shakespeare, he urges his dear friends 'once more unto the breach'
Henry V wins a victory on St Crispin's day at Agincourt, against a much larger and more heavily armed French force
A Portuguese prince, Henry the Navigator, becomes fascinated by exploration down the coast of Africa and commissions successive voyages
1417
The Council of Constance, having done its best to dispose of the three existing popes, elects a new one - Martin V
1418
A competition is launched for an architect to construct a dome above Florence's cathedral, and is won by Brunelleschi
1419
After a six-month siege Henry V makes a triumphal entry into Rouen, the city of his Norman ancestors
John the Fearless, duke of Burgundy, is murdered by the Armagnac faction in the presence of the dauphin - escalating France's civil war
1420
The Hussites build a new fortified town at Tabor as their fortress headquarters
Glazed windows become a feature of the richer homes of northern Europe
The Portuguese, discovering the lush and uninhabited island of Madeira, send colonists to settle it
The treaty of Troyes, between the English and the Burgundian faction, grants Henry V the status of heir to the French throne
Henry V marries Catherine, daughter of the French king and sister of the rightful heir to the kingdom, the dauphin, who is on the opposing side
1422
The dauphin proclaims himself Charles VII of France, but with Paris in the hands of his enemies he is known as the king of Bourges
Jan Zizka wins a series of victories against papal armies, using the mobile barricade which becomes known as his 'war wagon fortress'
Henry VI, son of Henry V and Catherine of France, is king of England and theoretically king of France before his first birthday
1423
Masaccio paints some of the frescoes in the chapel of a Florentine silk merchant, Felice Brancacci, in Santa Maria del Carmine
c. 1425
Packs of tarot playing cards are among the most popular products of Europe's first printing presses
c. 1427
A Portuguese captain, sailing for Henry the Navigator, chances upon the Azores
1428
A peasant girl, Joan of Arc, hears the voices of saints urging her to relieve the siege of Orléans
1429
Joan of Arc wins her way into the presence of Charles VII at Chinon and persuades him, eventually, to trust her
Joan of Arc leads French forces in the successful relief of Orléans
Joan of Arc stands nearby while Charles VII is anointed at Reims, then kneels before him and for the first time calls him her king
1430
Joan of Arc is captured in a skirmish with the Burgundians, who subsequently hand her over to the English
Work begins in Florence on Brunelleschi's Pazzi chapel, which encapsulates in miniature the new ideals of Renaissance architecture
Robert Campin, also known as the Master of Flémalle, brings to Flemish painting a natural and everyday quality which is entirely new
1431
Joan of Arc, tried by the Inquisition on behalf of the English in Rouen, is burned at the stake as a relapsed heretic
1432
A new altarpiece is installed in the cathedral in Ghent, introducing the powerful realism of Jan van Eyck
1433
The Compacts of Prague, agreed with the papacy in 1433, allow the Hussite laity to receive the sacrament in both kinds
Cosimo de' Medici, arrested by a rival faction, escapes with his life thanks to bribes and well-placed friends
1434
Giovanni Arnolfini, a merchant from Lucca trading in Bruges, commissions from van Eyck a portrait of himself and his wife
1435
Chancellor Nicolas Rolin, of Burgundy, commissions an altarpiece from Jan van Eyck
Rogier van der Weyden, the third in the extraordinary trio of Flemish artists of the 1430s, is appointed painter to the city of Brussels
1436
Perspective fascinates Italian Renaissance painters after the publication of Alberti's treatise on the subject, De Pictura
1437
Charles VII enters Paris, marking conclusively the end of the French civil war
On the death of his father, James I, James II becomes king of Scotland
1438
The office of Holy Roman emperor becomes a hereditary title within the Habsburg dynasty
The French clergy pass a resolution at Bourges, limiting the power of the papacy within France, which is adopted by the king as a 'pragmatic sanction'
The Byzantine emperor John Palaeologus and the Patriarch of Constantinople, Joasaph, arrive in Ferrara to attend a council of the Roman Catholic church