Jupiter

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In the context of the Persian / Zoroastrian astrological cosmogony, the curve could correspond to the eclipse dragon Gochihr (sometimes also identified with the milky way). The connection with the moon is obvious, since the moon plays such a fundamental role in eclipses.

According to some interpretations, the head of this evil dragon is identified with the seven planets. But the relevant Bundahishn passage does not seem to support this interpetation (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.). Anyway, it's interesting that the seven planets are among the evil forces in this myths.

Thanks for this MarcoP, the Dragon is a very interesting connection!
While I was playing around with the online equatorium I posted in another thread, I noticed that a part of the Draco constellation (Caput Draconis) was used to calculate the latitude of the moon, using strings.

JKP, this also ties in to your observations about geomancy, because Caput Draconis is one of the geomantic figures.

I wonder if the star cluster we see in the Voynich illustration might be somehow related to all of this...