[Article] Testable signatures on VMS structure

[oshfdk]

"the frequency of 'e' in english" is effectively saying "the frequency of 'e' in english texts on average". Just because a certain text can be deliberately changed from the norm, does not mean the norm doesn't exist. There is still a distribution of frequencies from all existing texts, and those meaningfully differ from language to language. 

I think I agree with Stolfi here, while colloquially we can talk about the frequencies of letters in a language, this is not precise and can be very misleading. I don't think there is such thing as "the frequency of 'e' in English", as a specific number. I don't think if we took three different non overlapping volumes of texts in English and started computing the frequency of 'e' in these three volumes the numbers would converge to a single specific value. They likely would end up in a very close range, but there can be substantial differences depending on the nature of the texts. There is simply no such thing as "average English".