The gallows intrusion, the baseline jumps and multipass

[Stephen Carlson]

As for the upward-angling lines, this is not at all uncommon in a manuscript without ruling lines.

Thanks for your comments, mostly snipped, but this raises a question for me. How common is it for medieval manuscripts to not have ruling lines? Most of the ones I look at (Biblical MSS) have them, but I don't really have a feel for other genres.