1. I look forward to your thoughts.
   

• Folio 78v: Shows women on high towers, symbolizing oversight and status.
  
• Folio 79v: Features a figure holding a symbolic object (scepter), indicating individual authority.
  
• Folio 81r: Displays the interconnected system, suggesting a functional, governed female society.
  

(31-12-2025, 10:22 AM)Surayya munir isah Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.I believe the high number of female figures represents a future era where women significantly outnumber men.

• [A] the North "angel" on f57v, seen from the back;
  
• [B] the left half of the Gemini sign on f72r2;
  
• [C] the "husband" and maybe the two "kids" on that same page, outer band, ~07:30;
  
• [D] the archer of Sagittarius, f73v;
  
• [E] the "boy" pulling on the nymph's hair at the very northeast corner of Bio page f80r;
  
• [F] one or two of the figure in the "Four Seasons of Life" page f85r2.
  

1. I look forward to your thoughts.
   

(31-12-2025, 11:35 AM)Rafal Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.Hello,

Could you give some sources confirming that in Islamic eschatology at the final era before Judgement Day women will outnumber men? And what will happen to the men?

And how do you explain Islamic inspirations in Voynich Manuscript? Voynich Manuscript shows in its pictures a lot of European inspirations, especially Italian and German ones. Unlike in modern Germany, there were not many Muslims in 1400s Germany.

Also Muslims (although not all) were generally forbidden to make images of people.

So who could be the author, mixing so freely European and Islamic tropes?

Edit: It looks there is some tradition about women outnumbering men:
You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
Abu Musa reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “A time will come to people when a man will go around with gold to give in charity,
but he will find no one to accept it, and a single man will be seen followed by forty women seeking refuge with him, due to the scarcity of men and abundance of women.”

So according to it there will be a lot of women but they hardly have power and status  
Or it there more about it?

(31-12-2025, 12:47 PM)Jorge_Stolfi Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

(31-12-2025, 10:22 AM)Surayya munir isah Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.I believe the high number of female figures represents a future era where women significantly outnumber men.

It is a rather extreme sense of "outnumber".  

IIRC, the only definitively male figures in the VMS are

• [A] the North "angel" on f57v, seen from the back;
  
• the left half of the Gemini sign on f72r2;
  
• [C] the "husband" and maybe the two "kids" on that same page, outer band, ~07:30;
  
• [D] the archer of Sagittarius, f73v;
  
• [E] the "boy" pulling on the nymph's hair at the very northeast corner of Bio page f80r;
  
• [F] one or two of the figure in the "Four Seasons of Life" page f85r2.
  

Some naked Zodiac figures have been interpreted as male because of what looked like male genitalia.  But those details were almost certainly added by the infamous Boobs Retracer.

The [A] "angel" has been assumed to be male only because of the short, disheveled, and standing hair.  But some of that hair was obviously retraced, and originally it may have been smooth and drooping along the neck -- like that of many female nymphs.

Cases [B] and [D] had to be male because that was the standard "figurative" code for those Zodiac signs. 

As for [F], we now know, almost for sure, that the diagram was (badly) copied from a "meme" with specific origins in Central Europe, which is attested by at least three manuscripts that have been posted here.

As for [E], a good part of the "boy", including his "male" skirt, was drawn by the Boobs Retracer.  One can see that the original figure was naked and had a salient breast.  So we can strike that out.

That leaves only one confirmed original male figure, namely the "husband" of [C].

Whereas only in the Zodiac section there must have been almost 360 female nymphs...

All the best, --stolfi

(31-12-2025, 12:47 PM)Jorge_Stolfi Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

(31-12-2025, 10:22 AM)Surayya munir isah Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.I believe the high number of female figures represents a future era where women significantly outnumber men.

It is a rather extreme sense of "outnumber".  

IIRC, the only definitively male figures in the VMS are

• [A] the North "angel" on f57v, seen from the back;
  
• the left half of the Gemini sign on f72r2;
  
• [C] the "husband" and maybe the two "kids" on that same page, outer band, ~07:30;
  
• [D] the archer of Sagittarius, f73v;
  
• [E] the "boy" pulling on the nymph's hair at the very northeast corner of Bio page f80r;
  
• [F] one or two of the figure in the "Four Seasons of Life" page f85r2.
  

Some naked Zodiac figures have been interpreted as male because of what looked like male genitalia.  But those details were almost certainly added by the infamous Boobs Retracer.

The [A] "angel" has been assumed to be male only because of the short, disheveled, and standing hair.  But some of that hair was obviously retraced, and originally it may have been smooth and drooping along the neck -- like that of many female nymphs.

Cases [B] and [D] had to be male because that was the standard "figurative" code for those Zodiac signs. 

As for [F], we now know, almost for sure, that the diagram was (badly) copied from a "meme" with specific origins in Central Europe, which is attested by at least three manuscripts that have been posted here.

As for [E], a good part of the "boy", including his "male" skirt, was drawn by the Boobs Retracer.  One can see that the original figure was naked and had a salient breast.  So we can strike that out.

That leaves only one confirmed original male figure, namely the "husband" of [C].

Whereas only in the Zodiac section there must have been almost 360 female nymphs...

All the best, --stolfi

(31-12-2025, 03:48 PM)Surayya munir isah Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

(31-12-2025, 12:47 PM)Jorge_Stolfi Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

(31-12-2025, 10:22 AM)Surayya munir isah Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.I believe the high number of female figures represents a future era where women significantly outnumber men.

It is a rather extreme sense of "outnumber".  

IIRC, the only definitively male figures in the VMS are

• [A] the North "angel" on f57v, seen from the back;
  
• the left half of the Gemini sign on f72r2;
  
• [C] the "husband" and maybe the two "kids" on that same page, outer band, ~07:30;
  
• [D] the archer of Sagittarius, f73v;
  
• [E] the "boy" pulling on the nymph's hair at the very northeast corner of Bio page f80r;
  
• [F] one or two of the figure in the "Four Seasons of Life" page f85r2.
  

[*]Some naked Zodiac figures have been interpreted as male because of what looked like male genitalia.  But those details were almost certainly added by the infamous Boobs Retracer.

The [A] "angel" has been assumed to be male only because of the short, disheveled, and standing hair.  But some of that hair was obviously retraced, and originally it may have been smooth and drooping along the neck -- like that of many female nymphs.

Cases [b]and [D] had to be male because that was the standard "figurative" code for those Zodiac signs. 

As for [F], we now know, almost for sure, that the diagram was (badly) copied from a "meme" with specific origins in Central Europe, which is attested by at least three manuscripts that have been posted here.

As for [E], a good part of the "boy", including his "male" skirt, was drawn by the Boobs Retracer.  One can see that the original figure was naked and had a salient breast.  So we can strike that out.

That leaves only one confirmed original male figure, namely the "husband" of [C].

Whereas only in the Zodiac section there must have been almost 360 female nymphs...

All the best, --stolfi

[/b]

---

[b]Thank you, Stolfi, for that detailed breakdown of the male-to-female ratio in the VMS. Your observation that there is essentially only one confirmed original male figure against hundreds of nymphs is striking and aligns perfectly with the 'Scarcity of Men' theme I am exploring.
In Islamic eschatology (as found in the Sahih Bukhari and other sources), it is prophesied that toward the end of time, 'knowledge will be taken away' and 'men will decrease while women will increase.' The ratio given is often 1 man to 50 women.
My hypothesis is: Could the VMS be an attempt to illustrate this [b]'End Times' scenario from a syncretic perspective? If the author was a scholar (perhaps a convert or a Mozarab) who had access to both Islamic prophecies and European medicinal/astrological traditions, the VMS might not just be a medical book, but a prophetic vision.
The scarcity of men you pointed out isn't just a stylistic choice; it could be the 'key' to the book's theological message. If the 'Boobs Retracer' was trying to make figures look more male, perhaps they were trying to hide the original apocalyptic meaning to avoid trouble with the Church? I’d love to hear your thoughts on whether the VMS could be a 'future-facing' document rather than just a contemporary encyclopedia."