The Voynich Ninja

Full Version: 4o
You're currently viewing a stripped down version of our content. View the full version with proper formatting.
Pages: 1 2
I was looking at an old book called You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view., it being an old guide to reading medieval writing styles and abbreviations. 

Something I noticed on You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view., is that the way they're writing P looks a lot like voynich 4o.

But this got me thinking -- might it be that 4 and o are always together because it's actually one letter? Are there any examples where 4 is not followed by o?
(07-09-2016, 06:16 AM)Botis Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.I was looking at an old book called You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view., it being an old guide to reading medieval writing styles and abbreviations. 

Something I noticed on You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view., is that the way they're writing P looks a lot like voynich 4o.

But this got me thinking -- might it be that 4 and o are always together because it's actually one letter? Are there any examples where 4 is not followed by o?

Yes, there are a few places where the o does not follow the 4.

You are correct in that some scripts from the 14th and 15th century are written with the p not fully connected and resembles a 4. There are also some where where the cross bars of plus signs loop up for ease of writing and also somewhat resemble a 4.
JKP - are those plus signs 15thC? I once wondered whether the crosses in the margin could be plus signs and read the wiki, though I stopped there because it looked like the general adoption of the sign came later.
(07-09-2016, 06:38 AM)Koen Gh. Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.JKP - are those plus signs 15thC? I once wondered whether the crosses in the margin could be plus signs and read the wiki, though I stopped there because it looked like the general adoption of the sign came later.

Yes, 15th century manuscripts. The glyphs that came to mind when Botis asked were scattered through the regular text. How much they resembled a 4 depended partly on whether they have been written with a long vertical stem. I haven't seen many that look like 4 but there were enough of them that I made a mental note.
BOTIS
You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.   You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

.....+4o4o*
qo is a symbol used in Italian ciphers of the same era. Nick Pelling wrote about that a number of times.
(07-09-2016, 06:16 AM)Botis Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.I was looking at an old book called You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view., it being an old guide to reading medieval writing styles and abbreviations. 

Something I noticed on You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view., is that the way they're writing P looks a lot like voynich 4o.

But this got me thinking -- might it be that 4 and o are always together because it's actually one letter? Are there any examples where 4 is not followed by o?


King Ferdinand's cipher writes the "q" somewhat like a 4o. Some of the other letters (like x and y) look a bit like an "o" followed by "+". If you reversed it and wrote it for comfortable flow, it would look like 4o.


Something I've been wanting to blog about for a couple of years, but can't find enough time, is the Gabriel de Luetz/Luez d'Aramon cipher which includes 4o written in the same way as in the VMS.

It's about a century after the VMS (as is Ferndinand's cipher) but what's particularly interesting is they assembled a team of scientists to basically spy on the Ottoman Empire. The team included a botanist, a naturalist, a writer, and a cosmographer—ideas that are reflected in VMS drawings.

In Luetz's cipher, the 4 can stand alone, but is paired with "o" a number of times. As far as I can tell, it means something different when it stands alone. The cipher also includes the lamba-like character with a cap that makes a few brief appearances in the VMS text. The Latin "9" character is there, as well.

I don't know if anyone has published an analysis of this, I like figuring it out on my own, but the parts that are clear enough for me to see are a simple substitution code, with a few of the shapes representing short words.

I noticed some words that are abbreviated in modern French are written out in full. As for the letters...

The 4 is "a".
The 9 is "e".
The pi-char is "f".
The T-square is "n".
The cross between H and # is an "o".
The 4o is "p".
The lambda with a top bar is "r", etc.

And short words...

The "d" stands for "que" and it looks like Y with a crossbar is "de". The "f" is "il". , the g is "vous", etc.


Pretty easy to see how it works, even from a fuzzy scan.

The reason I didn't blog it when I first found it was because I wanted to ask for a better scan. Then I noticed it was a simple substitution code, which means it probably won't help unravel the VMS, and thus lost my motivation to harass the librarians.


So... the word structure it is not at all like the VMS, but many of the shapes are similar and it uses Latin and Greek chars mixed with Arabic numbers in much the same way as the Voynich text... for what it's worth.


I still find it interesting that they created a team of scientists to record their observations and send some of them back in code. If they did this in the early 1500s, could someone have had a similar idea a century earlier?
(07-09-2016, 06:16 AM)Botis Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.I was looking at an old book called You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view., it being an old guide to reading medieval writing styles and abbreviations. 

Something I noticed on You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view., is that the way they're writing P looks a lot like voynich 4o.

But this got me thinking -- might it be that 4 and o are always together because it's actually one letter? Are there any examples where 4 is not followed by o?

Thank you for the link
Thank you JKP, this is new to me, and not only the 4 is in this cipher but the x as well (..that you probably described as "also includes the lamba-like character with a cap ")

That makes it quite interesting to look into.
(04-10-2016, 11:58 PM)-JKP- Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.[Deleted as I realized I already gave the example up-thread. Mods are welcome to remove this post.]

Well, if you have a direct link to this cipher manuscript page or the transcribed text, or as a matter a fact ANY information about the page, please do provide.
Because i gave up this search cause i could not find a direct link to either the physical  storage (beinecke?) nor an transcription or discussion of the piece.

-----

The 4o is one of the most puzzling things in the VMS to me. 
The possibility of 4 being a obfuscated (plus sign) + is far fetched and abandoned by me a while back, because i see no logical explanation for the following o.
The other possibility is that the 4 is used a phonetic replacement. In english  that would be for "four" or "fore".  
For example like the 8 stands for "acht" in Dutch and German, like in the word "ver8" (expected) or "89" ("~acht-ung") you can also use the phonetic 4 like "4uelle" (virtuelle=virtual). In English that can be used in "foresee=4see" or "4cast=forecast" or "4arm=forearm".


Currently, the 4o I consider to be an abbreviation. In Italian i remembered seeing the 4 in text used for quattro in medieval text.
If there are good other examples where 4 is an abbreviation that would be very interesting.
Pages: 1 2