<![CDATA[The Voynich Ninja - Curated threads]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/ Fri, 17 Apr 2026 17:24:54 +0000 MyBB <![CDATA[Lists, ongoing collections and selected resources.]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5300.html Mon, 26 Jan 2026 13:56:41 +0000 Koen G]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5300.html Register or Login to view.

Handwriting of f116v: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
Project started by Marco Ponzi and myself, currently extensive enough to draw some conclusions. Best matches so far were found in central Germany and Zurich. Data suggest early 15th century. I will no longer actively contribute myself, but additions are always welcome - please request editing rights through the sheet. At least one forum member (Garlonga) is sporadically adding to the list.

Handwriting of the month names: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
Intended as a collaborative project. This is far from finished, needs many more entries and may benefit from improvements. Most challenging project due to high variety in informal handwriting.
- Discussion thread: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

Names of the months as they appear in the Zodiac section: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
Collaborative project based on earlier research and new entries. There is a lot here already, but certainly not enough to solve the problem. Any additions are useful.
- Discussion thread: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

Rating bulls: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
Collaborative project aiming to find properties of the Zodiac section's "Taurus" in other MSS.
- Discussion thread: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

Similar plants Herbal/Pharma: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
A collaborative effort was undertaken to collect and rate plants and plant parts that appear in both botanical sections of the MS. I host the file, but was not the main organizer.
- Discussion thread: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

Map of Swallowtail Merlons: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
See this thread for info: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.]]> Register or Login to view.

Handwriting of f116v: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
Project started by Marco Ponzi and myself, currently extensive enough to draw some conclusions. Best matches so far were found in central Germany and Zurich. Data suggest early 15th century. I will no longer actively contribute myself, but additions are always welcome - please request editing rights through the sheet. At least one forum member (Garlonga) is sporadically adding to the list.

Handwriting of the month names: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
Intended as a collaborative project. This is far from finished, needs many more entries and may benefit from improvements. Most challenging project due to high variety in informal handwriting.
- Discussion thread: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

Names of the months as they appear in the Zodiac section: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
Collaborative project based on earlier research and new entries. There is a lot here already, but certainly not enough to solve the problem. Any additions are useful.
- Discussion thread: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

Rating bulls: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
Collaborative project aiming to find properties of the Zodiac section's "Taurus" in other MSS.
- Discussion thread: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

Similar plants Herbal/Pharma: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
A collaborative effort was undertaken to collect and rate plants and plant parts that appear in both botanical sections of the MS. I host the file, but was not the main organizer.
- Discussion thread: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

Map of Swallowtail Merlons: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
See this thread for info: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.]]> <![CDATA[Special Rules]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-4569.html Tue, 01 Apr 2025 16:04:24 +0000 Koen G]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-4569.html Register or Login to view. promote general good behavior on the forum (no flaming, no spamming...). However, over the years the need has arisen to introduce some specific additional rules. These rules seek to maintain the balance between freedom of expression for all and a positive user experience.

1. You are welcome to discuss your theory, but keep it in a single thread.
Why is this rule necessary? Some people are enthusiastic about their theories or solutions, and they want to share them in as many places as possible. So they will make a bunch of new threads, or derail existing discussions. Therefore, all theories, translations... should be discussed in their own threads.

2. Clearly mention if (part of) your post was AI-generated.
We are seeing a rise of AI applications, or at least services marketed as such. These can be a great tool in your research, but they also pose challenges. The use of various kinds of AI is permitted on the forum, under the condition that AI-generated content is flagged as such.
Update: experience has shown that Voynich-related research tends to become polluted with hallucinations and slop as soon as a person interacts with a chatbot. We now have a zero-tolerance policy.

Not a rule, but some advice on the use of AI:
  • LLM's like ChatGPT are trained on vast amounts of data scraped off the internet. They use this data to predict a word in a sentence, and then the next word and the next. You can think of the LLM as taking an average of what the internet says about a subject and then generating a human-like text response to your question. It has no consciousness and does not reason - it just generates human language. The data it has on a niche subject like the VM is limited, and often conflicting or of questionable quality. So will be its answers.
  • ChatGPT is easy to manipulate. It took me only one question to make it explain why (very serious) Voynich researcher Rene Zandbergen believes the MS was made by aliens (he doesn't). It will happily confirm a bad Voynich theory because, once again, it doesn't think.
  • Even about "regular" subjects, LLM's often hallucinate, make stuff op. 
  • ChatGPT is especially bad at solving ciphers, and it will feed you fake solutions with great confidence.

Therefore, it is always a good idea to confirm what chatbots tell you before sharing it with others. Either by finding the information in a separate source, or by testing a solution yourself. We understand that not everyone is able to do this, and it doesn't apply to all situations, so this is a suggestion rather than a rule.]]> Register or Login to view. promote general good behavior on the forum (no flaming, no spamming...). However, over the years the need has arisen to introduce some specific additional rules. These rules seek to maintain the balance between freedom of expression for all and a positive user experience.

1. You are welcome to discuss your theory, but keep it in a single thread.
Why is this rule necessary? Some people are enthusiastic about their theories or solutions, and they want to share them in as many places as possible. So they will make a bunch of new threads, or derail existing discussions. Therefore, all theories, translations... should be discussed in their own threads.

2. Clearly mention if (part of) your post was AI-generated.
We are seeing a rise of AI applications, or at least services marketed as such. These can be a great tool in your research, but they also pose challenges. The use of various kinds of AI is permitted on the forum, under the condition that AI-generated content is flagged as such.
Update: experience has shown that Voynich-related research tends to become polluted with hallucinations and slop as soon as a person interacts with a chatbot. We now have a zero-tolerance policy.

Not a rule, but some advice on the use of AI:
  • LLM's like ChatGPT are trained on vast amounts of data scraped off the internet. They use this data to predict a word in a sentence, and then the next word and the next. You can think of the LLM as taking an average of what the internet says about a subject and then generating a human-like text response to your question. It has no consciousness and does not reason - it just generates human language. The data it has on a niche subject like the VM is limited, and often conflicting or of questionable quality. So will be its answers.
  • ChatGPT is easy to manipulate. It took me only one question to make it explain why (very serious) Voynich researcher Rene Zandbergen believes the MS was made by aliens (he doesn't). It will happily confirm a bad Voynich theory because, once again, it doesn't think.
  • Even about "regular" subjects, LLM's often hallucinate, make stuff op. 
  • ChatGPT is especially bad at solving ciphers, and it will feed you fake solutions with great confidence.

Therefore, it is always a good idea to confirm what chatbots tell you before sharing it with others. Either by finding the information in a separate source, or by testing a solution yourself. We understand that not everyone is able to do this, and it doesn't apply to all situations, so this is a suggestion rather than a rule.]]> <![CDATA[Solutions]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-4339.html Tue, 06 Aug 2024 12:07:27 +0000 tavie]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-4339.html This will be updated every time a new solution or claim is posted to the forum.  If you spot any that aren't on the list, please PM me.  If you want solutions currently posted outside the forum to be added, please create a new thread for discussion on this forum.

Current total as of 13-02-2026:  64 plus 8 unidentified/unclear theories

Latest edit:  to add Jorge's Chinese theory and to remove solutions that are now in The Slop Bucket and so do not merit inclusion in this list:
  • Aramaic (?) by Lorek and Lorek.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Arabic (with Hebrew and Syriac) by Mike P.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Arabic by Fletcher C.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Basque by Gavin G.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Castellan by Alisa G.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Chinese (or East Asian language) by Jorge.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Czech by Irena H.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Czech by Elena K.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Czech (Moravian & ?) by Bess A.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • English (Middle) by Geoffrey C.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • English (Middle) by Stellar.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • English (Middle/plant names) by Siv.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • English (numerical) by Mike.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • English (Middle/Galwegian) by Katie T.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • English (with lots of other languages) by Michael.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Finno-Ugric (with Estonian) by Claudette C.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • French by K. Danielle S. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Germanic (Unknown language, including possibly "Norse") by Eleonora M.You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Greek by Ruby N.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Hebrew by Monika Y.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Hebrew by Hannig.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Hebrew (phonetic) by Stephen W-B.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Hebrew by Rebekah.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Irish by Petrasti.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Irish (or "Cisalpine Celtic with Lepontic Syntax"?!) by Doireann.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Italian (?) by Karen O. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Italian (Shorthand) by Gino C. and Agnese F.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Judaeo Greek by Geoffrey C.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Landa Khojki script by Sukhwant S.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin by Julia M.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin (vowelless) by Farmer John. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Latin (abbreviated) by Nicholas G.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin (abbreviated) by Helmut W.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin (phonetic/modified) by MarkWart et al.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin (abbreviated) by Maria Rita L.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin by Patrick L.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin by Paul.   You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin by Rustandi.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin by Stellar.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and a You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.. 
  • Latin (Vulgar) by Tim K et al.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin by Michael H.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and a You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Latin by Sygula and Kaluzna.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin (microscopic?) by Wolfgang99.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin (abbreviated) by Ianus van A. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Latin by Jessica L. S.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Logographic/visual code by Kris.  Forum discussion You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. 
  • Mayan by Ahmet Baris K.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Medieval conlang by Luis C.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and a You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Mesoamerican by J. and T.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Morse Code  by Stellar.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Musical chant by InkandGrace.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Nahuatl by Jacinto G.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Pahlavi script by J. Michael H.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and a You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.. 
  • Persian by Pardis M.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Polish (Old) by Geoffrey C.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • "Proto Romance" by Cheshire.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and a You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and a You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and a You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • "Senzar" by Andy123 et al. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Slovak by Luis C.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Slovenian by Cvetka.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Turkic (+Aramaic/Persian) by escape.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Turkic by Ahmet et al.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Turkic by Vfind.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Welsh (Early) by Tim A.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Welsh by Stellar.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

Unidentified/unclear language theories:
  • You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..  Suspected Jewish-Arabic
  • You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.. Suspected conlang
  • You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.. 
  • You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..  Partial decipherment - Arabic?
  • You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..  "Ancient language"
  • You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.. Will not say system yet.
  • You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.".  Post does not say system yet.   
  • You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..  Extinct unknown language/ "ancient outsiders"
Nick Pelling also You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. a list of older theories in 2012 (including authorship) but this is not maintained.]]> This will be updated every time a new solution or claim is posted to the forum.  If you spot any that aren't on the list, please PM me.  If you want solutions currently posted outside the forum to be added, please create a new thread for discussion on this forum.

Current total as of 13-02-2026:  64 plus 8 unidentified/unclear theories

Latest edit:  to add Jorge's Chinese theory and to remove solutions that are now in The Slop Bucket and so do not merit inclusion in this list:
  • Aramaic (?) by Lorek and Lorek.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Arabic (with Hebrew and Syriac) by Mike P.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Arabic by Fletcher C.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Basque by Gavin G.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Castellan by Alisa G.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Chinese (or East Asian language) by Jorge.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Czech by Irena H.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Czech by Elena K.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Czech (Moravian & ?) by Bess A.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • English (Middle) by Geoffrey C.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • English (Middle) by Stellar.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • English (Middle/plant names) by Siv.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • English (numerical) by Mike.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • English (Middle/Galwegian) by Katie T.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • English (with lots of other languages) by Michael.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Finno-Ugric (with Estonian) by Claudette C.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • French by K. Danielle S. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Germanic (Unknown language, including possibly "Norse") by Eleonora M.You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Greek by Ruby N.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Hebrew by Monika Y.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Hebrew by Hannig.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Hebrew (phonetic) by Stephen W-B.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Hebrew by Rebekah.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Irish by Petrasti.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Irish (or "Cisalpine Celtic with Lepontic Syntax"?!) by Doireann.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Italian (?) by Karen O. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Italian (Shorthand) by Gino C. and Agnese F.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Judaeo Greek by Geoffrey C.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Landa Khojki script by Sukhwant S.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin by Julia M.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin (vowelless) by Farmer John. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Latin (abbreviated) by Nicholas G.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin (abbreviated) by Helmut W.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin (phonetic/modified) by MarkWart et al.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin (abbreviated) by Maria Rita L.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin by Patrick L.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin by Paul.   You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin by Rustandi.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin by Stellar.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and a You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.. 
  • Latin (Vulgar) by Tim K et al.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin by Michael H.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and a You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Latin by Sygula and Kaluzna.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin (microscopic?) by Wolfgang99.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Latin (abbreviated) by Ianus van A. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Latin by Jessica L. S.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Logographic/visual code by Kris.  Forum discussion You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. 
  • Mayan by Ahmet Baris K.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Medieval conlang by Luis C.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and a You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Mesoamerican by J. and T.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Morse Code  by Stellar.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Musical chant by InkandGrace.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Nahuatl by Jacinto G.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Pahlavi script by J. Michael H.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and a You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.. 
  • Persian by Pardis M.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Polish (Old) by Geoffrey C.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • "Proto Romance" by Cheshire.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and a You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and a You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and a You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • "Senzar" by Andy123 et al. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Slovak by Luis C.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Slovenian by Cvetka.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Turkic (+Aramaic/Persian) by escape.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Turkic by Ahmet et al.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Turkic by Vfind.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Welsh (Early) by Tim A.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Welsh by Stellar.  You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

Unidentified/unclear language theories:
  • You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..  Suspected Jewish-Arabic
  • You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.. Suspected conlang
  • You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.. 
  • You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..  Partial decipherment - Arabic?
  • You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..  "Ancient language"
  • You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.. Will not say system yet.
  • You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.".  Post does not say system yet.   
  • You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..  Extinct unknown language/ "ancient outsiders"
Nick Pelling also You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. a list of older theories in 2012 (including authorship) but this is not maintained.]]> <![CDATA[Places where swallowtail merlons were depicted or present before ca. 1450.]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-3646.html Mon, 13 Sep 2021 20:56:46 +0000 Koen G]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-3646.html
Therefore, medieval images of swallowtail merlons may be a more reliable indication. This thread collects such images, and shows the results on a map. The examples are sorted chronologically. If you know any that should be added, please use the discussion thread You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..

(Edit 21 Oct: separated manuscript art from other art forms).

Manuscripts:
  • c. 1310: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. from "Padova, BSV, Cod. 74, fol. 13v." (Venice, see Michelle's post You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.).
  • c. 1321-1324: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Venice, see Michelle's post You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.).
  • c. 1324-1331: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Naples)
  • 1328-1329: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Naples.) From a group of manuscripts reported by Rene, see You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • c. 1330: Bodleian MS. Laud Misc. 587 fol. 1r. (Venice) (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • c. 1330 - c. 1340: Egerton 3781 (Genoa) (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • c. 1330 - 1340: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Naples) (Diane O'Donovan) 
  • c. 1350: Sarajevo haggadah (Barcelona), see Marco's post You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. 
  • c. 1350-1400: Zibaldone da Canal, MS Beinecke 327 (Venice) (Diane O'Donovan, see You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • c. 1370: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Venice)
  • c. 1370-1400 Tacuinum Sanitatis (Codex Vindobonensis, series nova 2644, fol. 104v. Lombardy) (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • c. 1370-1380: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Milan)
  • c. 1380: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • c. 1385: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Bavaria)
  • c. 1385-1390: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Milan)
  • c. 1400 Biblioteca Guarneriana (S. Daniele del Friuli) You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Florence)
  • c. 1400: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • 14th century, heraldic devices found by Marco You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.. Tirol
  • c. 1435: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Lombardy)
  • c. 1440: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Lombardy region)

Other art forms:
  • 1292: stone slab at Castell'Arquato (see You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • 1295-1299: frescos by Giotto in the Upper Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi, see Marco's post You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • 1304: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. fresco by Giotto in the Scrovegni chapel, Padua
  • 1320: frescos by Giotto in the Peruzzi chapel, Florence. 
  • c. 1340: Kapelle St. Maria Magdalena in Dusch (Switzerland) (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • c. 1350-1360: "Fresco depicting a castle, inside the castle of Sabbionara, Avio, Lagarina Valley, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy" You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • 1390-1395: Castel Roncolo (Runkelstein), Bolzano, Italy (see You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • c. 1397: Castello del Buonconsiglio fresco, Trento
  • 1400-1410: Novacella abbey / Kloster Neustift (see Aga's post You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • 1400-1450: Fresco in Zwickenberg, Austria; see Aga's post You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • 1420-1430: Frescos at Rocca di Vignola
  • 1420-1430: church of Tramin/Termeno, Bolzano; see Aga's post You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • c. 1437: Ivrea, see Marco's post You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • 1441: Marseiller (Verrayes) Cappella di San Michele 
  • 1444: painting (?) from Auer, Italy. See You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and the next.
  • 1446: Rimini, see You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
Extant buildings:
  • Castell'Arquato
  • Fenis castle
  • Locarno Castello Visconteo
  • Sirmione castle
  • Rhodes fortifications (see You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • Pala tower in San Vittore
  • Castel Grumello
  • Castello Visconti Venosta, Grosio
  • Castello di Champorcher
  • Castle Foppoli
  • Castelgrande Bellinzona
  • Castle of Sasso Borbaro
  • Montebello castle
  • Montmayeur castle 
  • Blonay Castle
  • San Giorio di Susa Castle
  • Saint Pierre Castle
  • Castello di Castelcorniglio
  • You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. Sudak Castle
  • Porta Soprana (Genoa)
  • Castello di Salorno, Haderburg
  • Castel d'Enna
  • Castello di Caccamo (Sicily)
    Castello di Venere (Sicily)
    Castello di Sperlinga (Sicily)
    Castello di Carini (Sicily)
  • Castle of Almeria (Spain)
  • Castello di Brescia
  • Tour L'archet Morgex
  • Porta Palatina in Turin
  • Castello di Porta Giovia (Milan)
  • Porta Marina in Civitanova Alta
  • Piombino castle
  • Castelvecchio Verona
  • Castel Roncolo / Runkelstein 

The map can be viewed here: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.]]>
Therefore, medieval images of swallowtail merlons may be a more reliable indication. This thread collects such images, and shows the results on a map. The examples are sorted chronologically. If you know any that should be added, please use the discussion thread You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..

(Edit 21 Oct: separated manuscript art from other art forms).

Manuscripts:
  • c. 1310: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. from "Padova, BSV, Cod. 74, fol. 13v." (Venice, see Michelle's post You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.).
  • c. 1321-1324: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Venice, see Michelle's post You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.).
  • c. 1324-1331: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Naples)
  • 1328-1329: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Naples.) From a group of manuscripts reported by Rene, see You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • c. 1330: Bodleian MS. Laud Misc. 587 fol. 1r. (Venice) (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • c. 1330 - c. 1340: Egerton 3781 (Genoa) (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • c. 1330 - 1340: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Naples) (Diane O'Donovan) 
  • c. 1350: Sarajevo haggadah (Barcelona), see Marco's post You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. 
  • c. 1350-1400: Zibaldone da Canal, MS Beinecke 327 (Venice) (Diane O'Donovan, see You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • c. 1370: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Venice)
  • c. 1370-1400 Tacuinum Sanitatis (Codex Vindobonensis, series nova 2644, fol. 104v. Lombardy) (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • c. 1370-1380: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Milan)
  • c. 1380: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • c. 1385: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Bavaria)
  • c. 1385-1390: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Milan)
  • c. 1400 Biblioteca Guarneriana (S. Daniele del Friuli) You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Florence)
  • c. 1400: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • 14th century, heraldic devices found by Marco You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.. Tirol
  • c. 1435: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Lombardy)
  • c. 1440: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (Lombardy region)

Other art forms:
  • 1292: stone slab at Castell'Arquato (see You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • 1295-1299: frescos by Giotto in the Upper Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi, see Marco's post You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • 1304: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. fresco by Giotto in the Scrovegni chapel, Padua
  • 1320: frescos by Giotto in the Peruzzi chapel, Florence. 
  • c. 1340: Kapelle St. Maria Magdalena in Dusch (Switzerland) (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • c. 1350-1360: "Fresco depicting a castle, inside the castle of Sabbionara, Avio, Lagarina Valley, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy" You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • 1390-1395: Castel Roncolo (Runkelstein), Bolzano, Italy (see You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • c. 1397: Castello del Buonconsiglio fresco, Trento
  • 1400-1410: Novacella abbey / Kloster Neustift (see Aga's post You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • 1400-1450: Fresco in Zwickenberg, Austria; see Aga's post You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • 1420-1430: Frescos at Rocca di Vignola
  • 1420-1430: church of Tramin/Termeno, Bolzano; see Aga's post You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • c. 1437: Ivrea, see Marco's post You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • 1441: Marseiller (Verrayes) Cappella di San Michele 
  • 1444: painting (?) from Auer, Italy. See You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and the next.
  • 1446: Rimini, see You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
Extant buildings:
  • Castell'Arquato
  • Fenis castle
  • Locarno Castello Visconteo
  • Sirmione castle
  • Rhodes fortifications (see You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • Pala tower in San Vittore
  • Castel Grumello
  • Castello Visconti Venosta, Grosio
  • Castello di Champorcher
  • Castle Foppoli
  • Castelgrande Bellinzona
  • Castle of Sasso Borbaro
  • Montebello castle
  • Montmayeur castle 
  • Blonay Castle
  • San Giorio di Susa Castle
  • Saint Pierre Castle
  • Castello di Castelcorniglio
  • You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. Sudak Castle
  • Porta Soprana (Genoa)
  • Castello di Salorno, Haderburg
  • Castel d'Enna
  • Castello di Caccamo (Sicily)
    Castello di Venere (Sicily)
    Castello di Sperlinga (Sicily)
    Castello di Carini (Sicily)
  • Castle of Almeria (Spain)
  • Castello di Brescia
  • Tour L'archet Morgex
  • Porta Palatina in Turin
  • Castello di Porta Giovia (Milan)
  • Porta Marina in Civitanova Alta
  • Piombino castle
  • Castelvecchio Verona
  • Castel Roncolo / Runkelstein 

The map can be viewed here: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.]]> <![CDATA[Most certain plant ID's]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-3617.html Sun, 01 Aug 2021 20:05:47 +0000 Koen G]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-3617.html Register or Login to view.. Like every thread in this subforum, this list is meant to be a dynamic reflection of the discussion thread, so any suggestions for additions, alterations... can be made there.

Edited list so far (proposals where there appears to be especially great agreement are in bold):
  • Knapweed You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Water lily You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Ricinus (castor oil plant) You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Viola You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Cannabis You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Calendula / Mountain aster You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Malva You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (JKP)
  • Knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare) You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Sedum telephium You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (JKP)
  • Prunella You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Oak (but the climbing plant remains unclear) You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Teasel f43v (right)
  • Cuscuta (JKP) You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
]]> Register or Login to view.. Like every thread in this subforum, this list is meant to be a dynamic reflection of the discussion thread, so any suggestions for additions, alterations... can be made there.

Edited list so far (proposals where there appears to be especially great agreement are in bold):
  • Knapweed You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Water lily You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Ricinus (castor oil plant) You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Viola You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Cannabis You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Calendula / Mountain aster You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Malva You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (JKP)
  • Knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare) You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Sedum telephium You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (JKP)
  • Prunella You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Oak (but the climbing plant remains unclear) You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Teasel f43v (right)
  • Cuscuta (JKP) You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
]]> <![CDATA[Counts]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-2455.html Sat, 18 Aug 2018 13:46:44 +0000 Koen G]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-2455.html Register or Login to view..

Text
  • Number of characters: 160.000 to 165.000 (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • Number of words: 37.000 to 39.000 (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • Number of different words: 9.000 to 10.000 (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)

Images

Human figures:
  • Human figures in Q13: 231 (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • Human figures in "Zodiac section": 303 (299 nymphs + 4 central figures) (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • Figures wearing clothes (besides headgear): 50 (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • Number of visible shoes: 8 (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
Plants:
  • Number of large-plant drawings: 134, divided over 124 pages with a single plant and 5 pages with a pair (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • There are 45 containers in the small-plants section. Apart from containers, there are 241 other items (plants, roots, one cube...) (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
Stars:
  • Stars in the margins of Q20: 324, of which 163 have red paint. (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • Number of stars in f68r1: 29 (all labeled) 
  • Number of stars in f68r2: 59, of those 24 are labeled, 12 unlabeled, plus the additional outer circle of 23 unlabeled stars. (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
]]> Register or Login to view..

Text
  • Number of characters: 160.000 to 165.000 (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • Number of words: 37.000 to 39.000 (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • Number of different words: 9.000 to 10.000 (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)

Images

Human figures:
  • Human figures in Q13: 231 (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • Human figures in "Zodiac section": 303 (299 nymphs + 4 central figures) (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • Figures wearing clothes (besides headgear): 50 (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • Number of visible shoes: 8 (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
Plants:
  • Number of large-plant drawings: 134, divided over 124 pages with a single plant and 5 pages with a pair (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • There are 45 containers in the small-plants section. Apart from containers, there are 241 other items (plants, roots, one cube...) (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
Stars:
  • Stars in the margins of Q20: 324, of which 163 have red paint. (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
  • Number of stars in f68r1: 29 (all labeled) 
  • Number of stars in f68r2: 59, of those 24 are labeled, 12 unlabeled, plus the additional outer circle of 23 unlabeled stars. (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.)
]]> <![CDATA[Zodiac signs: rare and unique features]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-2210.html Thu, 07 Dec 2017 08:41:23 +0000 Koen G]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-2210.html Register or Login to view.

In this thread we will gather an overview of all rare and unique features of the VM images compared to other sources. This thread will be updated as new examples are submitted in the discussion thread. I will add one post here for each sign.

The philosophy behind this thread is that it should reflect the best knowledge we (on the forum) have so far. For example, if a trait is listed as unique and someone reports an example from another manuscript, it will be moved to "rare". Your remarks are very much appreciated in the discussion thread.

When the statement is the result of studying a relatively large corpus of Zodiac cycles, a feature classifies as "rare" when it appears in 5% or less cases. A feature can also classify as "rare" if we only know about a handful of other manuscripts where it appears. The "unique" label is reserved for VM features which have not yet been found in any other Zodiac images from the early 15thc century or before. When a feature is only attested in documents later than the VM, this will be added in the "notes" section. Those features which are not rare enough to be "rare" but still noteworthy may also be listed under "notes".

Much of the contents of this thread has been copied from forum members' contributions in the You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view., which is worth a read if you are interested in the VM Zodiac symbols. Many thanks to all members who made this collection of knowledge possible.

Pisces

- Unique:
  • The mouth of each fish is connected to a star by a line
[*]


- Rare:
  • The two fish are not connected to each other by a line
[*]

- Notes:
  • JKP notes that blue Pisces and long-nosed Pisces are relatively uncommon.
]]> Register or Login to view.

In this thread we will gather an overview of all rare and unique features of the VM images compared to other sources. This thread will be updated as new examples are submitted in the discussion thread. I will add one post here for each sign.

The philosophy behind this thread is that it should reflect the best knowledge we (on the forum) have so far. For example, if a trait is listed as unique and someone reports an example from another manuscript, it will be moved to "rare". Your remarks are very much appreciated in the discussion thread.

When the statement is the result of studying a relatively large corpus of Zodiac cycles, a feature classifies as "rare" when it appears in 5% or less cases. A feature can also classify as "rare" if we only know about a handful of other manuscripts where it appears. The "unique" label is reserved for VM features which have not yet been found in any other Zodiac images from the early 15thc century or before. When a feature is only attested in documents later than the VM, this will be added in the "notes" section. Those features which are not rare enough to be "rare" but still noteworthy may also be listed under "notes".

Much of the contents of this thread has been copied from forum members' contributions in the You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view., which is worth a read if you are interested in the VM Zodiac symbols. Many thanks to all members who made this collection of knowledge possible.

Pisces

- Unique:
  • The mouth of each fish is connected to a star by a line
[*]


- Rare:
  • The two fish are not connected to each other by a line
[*]

- Notes:
  • JKP notes that blue Pisces and long-nosed Pisces are relatively uncommon.
]]> <![CDATA[Graph Thread]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-2207.html Wed, 06 Dec 2017 08:26:11 +0000 Koen G]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-2207.html If you've seen or made an interesting graph which should be included, you can submit it on another subforum.
Don't forget to include author and/or original location.]]> If you've seen or made an interesting graph which should be included, you can submit it on another subforum.
Don't forget to include author and/or original location.]]> <![CDATA[A brief summary of Voynichese spelling and grammar]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-4779.html Sat, 04 Mar 2017 23:13:42 +0000 davidjackson]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-4779.html
I include links to the different threads where each phenomenon is discussed. Please do not discuss the phenomenon here but in their respective threads - use the reply feature exclusively to alert me to phenomenon I have missed, or where I have made a mistake. Replies will be deleted once they have been dealt with in order to keep things tidy. I am linking to discussions that have appeared on this forum, not to third party websites.

Disclaimer: I use the word "rules" lightly here. We are discussing patterns in the text, not proposing any definitive rules.

I'm sure I'm missing quite a few so let me know what to add - this is my first draft.


Spelling rules

Vord rules
  • y appears either mainly as a suffix (in more than one third of the corpus) and occasionally as a prefix; rarely as in the middle of vords.
  • q is a prefix followed by o in about 90% of all appearences. It is often followed by a gallows character, or if not, by d or l. It sometimes appears prefixed by another o (oqotar f10r, shoqoky f49r, etc). It can rarely appear by itself in the middle of vords. qo appears as an unique vord 29 times. However, almost all vords prefixed by q appear elsewhere in the corpus without that prefix. No label uses that prefix.
  • Glyph i is followed by another i or n in 90% of all occurrences, and almost all n will be preceded by i. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • q almost always appears at the beginning of a vord before o . It is also common after a vord ending in y. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..


Paragraph rules
  • f and p appear predominantly in the first lines of paragraphs (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.). Furthermore, Currier Prescott (1976) notes that neither glyph are ever followed by c.
  • m appears predominately at the end of lines but not paragraphs – and when it appears in the middle of lines, it has a tendency to cluster groups of words ending in m (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.).

Character classes
  • Certain bigrams can be substituted within vords to create (almost always) a new valid vord. (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.). These are grouped into character classes:
You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
Grammar rules
  • Asymmetric vord pairs. For example, the word or occurs 366 times and the word aiin occurs 470 times. But the phrase or aiin is much more common than aiin or. (Taken from You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.) Word order is important for several other "phrases" - the list is omitted for brevity here but can be found You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.. Editor's note: Care should be taken to distinguish between genuine vord pairs and single vords that have been mis-transcribed with a space.
  • Line initial words. There are no popular words used to start lines. In the entire corpus (excluding one word lines) ychor starts 16 lines, followed by dcheo which starts 6 lines. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.| You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. | You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Bigrams. It has been suggested that parts of the corpus can be broken down into 26 bigrams. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Repetition. The same vord can be repeated in sequence for no apparent reason (this may simply be dittography caused by scribal eyeskip). The same word is repeated three times in 35 different phrases (T. Timm).
  • Currier languages. There are statistical differences in the appearance of vords between quires. These differences have been collated into two "languages" by Currier. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
Glyph rules
  • A table showing how glyphs are constructed is You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
]]>
I include links to the different threads where each phenomenon is discussed. Please do not discuss the phenomenon here but in their respective threads - use the reply feature exclusively to alert me to phenomenon I have missed, or where I have made a mistake. Replies will be deleted once they have been dealt with in order to keep things tidy. I am linking to discussions that have appeared on this forum, not to third party websites.

Disclaimer: I use the word "rules" lightly here. We are discussing patterns in the text, not proposing any definitive rules.

I'm sure I'm missing quite a few so let me know what to add - this is my first draft.


Spelling rules

Vord rules
  • y appears either mainly as a suffix (in more than one third of the corpus) and occasionally as a prefix; rarely as in the middle of vords.
  • q is a prefix followed by o in about 90% of all appearences. It is often followed by a gallows character, or if not, by d or l. It sometimes appears prefixed by another o (oqotar f10r, shoqoky f49r, etc). It can rarely appear by itself in the middle of vords. qo appears as an unique vord 29 times. However, almost all vords prefixed by q appear elsewhere in the corpus without that prefix. No label uses that prefix.
  • Glyph i is followed by another i or n in 90% of all occurrences, and almost all n will be preceded by i. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • q almost always appears at the beginning of a vord before o . It is also common after a vord ending in y. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..


Paragraph rules
  • f and p appear predominantly in the first lines of paragraphs (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.). Furthermore, Currier Prescott (1976) notes that neither glyph are ever followed by c.
  • m appears predominately at the end of lines but not paragraphs – and when it appears in the middle of lines, it has a tendency to cluster groups of words ending in m (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.).

Character classes
  • Certain bigrams can be substituted within vords to create (almost always) a new valid vord. (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.). These are grouped into character classes:
You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
Grammar rules
  • Asymmetric vord pairs. For example, the word or occurs 366 times and the word aiin occurs 470 times. But the phrase or aiin is much more common than aiin or. (Taken from You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.) Word order is important for several other "phrases" - the list is omitted for brevity here but can be found You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.. Editor's note: Care should be taken to distinguish between genuine vord pairs and single vords that have been mis-transcribed with a space.
  • Line initial words. There are no popular words used to start lines. In the entire corpus (excluding one word lines) ychor starts 16 lines, followed by dcheo which starts 6 lines. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.| You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. | You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
  • Bigrams. It has been suggested that parts of the corpus can be broken down into 26 bigrams. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
  • Repetition. The same vord can be repeated in sequence for no apparent reason (this may simply be dittography caused by scribal eyeskip). The same word is repeated three times in 35 different phrases (T. Timm).
  • Currier languages. There are statistical differences in the appearance of vords between quires. These differences have been collated into two "languages" by Currier. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..
Glyph rules
  • A table showing how glyphs are constructed is You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
]]>