<![CDATA[The Voynich Ninja - Marginalia]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/ Sun, 05 Jul 2026 02:57:17 +0000 MyBB <![CDATA[How to read marginalia on f28v?]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5875.html Sat, 04 Jul 2026 10:53:55 +0000 ololololo]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5875.html
.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-07-04 134815.jpg (Size: 205.39 KB / Downloads: 91)
The first letter is n with an underscore. The second letter is similar to the red letters on You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. in shape, there is something similar on f68r2:

.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-07-04 135028.jpg (Size: 36.48 KB / Downloads: 92)
I have not found any information about reading this letter combination. Most likely, this is a color designation, but what kind of color is it?]]>
.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-07-04 134815.jpg (Size: 205.39 KB / Downloads: 91)
The first letter is n with an underscore. The second letter is similar to the red letters on You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. in shape, there is something similar on f68r2:

.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-07-04 135028.jpg (Size: 36.48 KB / Downloads: 92)
I have not found any information about reading this letter combination. Most likely, this is a color designation, but what kind of color is it?]]> <![CDATA[Non-voynichese word on f68r2]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5854.html Sun, 28 Jun 2026 17:08:47 +0000 ololololo]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5854.html
.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-06-28 195049.jpg (Size: 4.64 KB / Downloads: 201)
It is in a circle with the Voynichese words. The first letter (which is clearly a Latin s) and the third letter (maybe an n) are what distinguish this word. The word is also highlighted by the fact that there are connections between the letters (marked in dark red in the image below), and the distance between them is quite small.
I tried to draw the letters that I could see here:

.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-06-28 195049 — копия.jpg (Size: 5.94 KB / Downloads: 201)
At least this word has 4 letters, the final one is not identified for sure. The word looks similar to the Bavarian "Suna" (the sun), which is consistent with the sun that is supposedly drawn nearby. However, it is unclear why u has a tail...
If it's a contraction, we won't be able to decipher it.

What do you think?]]>
.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-06-28 195049.jpg (Size: 4.64 KB / Downloads: 201)
It is in a circle with the Voynichese words. The first letter (which is clearly a Latin s) and the third letter (maybe an n) are what distinguish this word. The word is also highlighted by the fact that there are connections between the letters (marked in dark red in the image below), and the distance between them is quite small.
I tried to draw the letters that I could see here:

.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-06-28 195049 — копия.jpg (Size: 5.94 KB / Downloads: 201)
At least this word has 4 letters, the final one is not identified for sure. The word looks similar to the Bavarian "Suna" (the sun), which is consistent with the sun that is supposedly drawn nearby. However, it is unclear why u has a tail...
If it's a contraction, we won't be able to decipher it.

What do you think?]]> <![CDATA[What to make of the big stain on f116v]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5848.html Mon, 22 Jun 2026 19:11:54 +0000 Jorge_Stolfi]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5848.html

.jpg   075-report-f116v1-stain.jpg (Size: 181.68 KB / Downloads: 127)

Let "original text" mean text that was written on blank vellum.  Do you think that 
[1] the (A) line it is not the edge of a water spill.
[2] the (A) line is the edge of a water spill, but it does not matter because:
[2.1] it happened before any text was written on this page.
[2.2] it happened after some text was written on this page, and
[2.2.1] it did not affect the text, so what we see is exactly the original text.
[2.2.2] it erased some of the original text, but 
[2.2.2.1] what was not erased by the spill is exactly what we see.
[2.2.2.2] the text we see is the result of a restoration attempt, and
[2.2.2.2.1] the whole original text was accurately restored.
[2.2.2.2.2] some original text was lost, 
[2.2.2.2.2.1] but what survived was accurately restored.
[2.2.2.2.2.2] and the restorer made some errors.
[2.2.2.2.2.3] and the restoration is mostly wrong.
[9] Other.

All the best, --stolfi]]>

.jpg   075-report-f116v1-stain.jpg (Size: 181.68 KB / Downloads: 127)

Let "original text" mean text that was written on blank vellum.  Do you think that 
[1] the (A) line it is not the edge of a water spill.
[2] the (A) line is the edge of a water spill, but it does not matter because:
[2.1] it happened before any text was written on this page.
[2.2] it happened after some text was written on this page, and
[2.2.1] it did not affect the text, so what we see is exactly the original text.
[2.2.2] it erased some of the original text, but 
[2.2.2.1] what was not erased by the spill is exactly what we see.
[2.2.2.2] the text we see is the result of a restoration attempt, and
[2.2.2.2.1] the whole original text was accurately restored.
[2.2.2.2.2] some original text was lost, 
[2.2.2.2.2.1] but what survived was accurately restored.
[2.2.2.2.2.2] and the restorer made some errors.
[2.2.2.2.2.3] and the restoration is mostly wrong.
[9] Other.

All the best, --stolfi]]> <![CDATA[Marginalia in Voynichese?]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5823.html Tue, 16 Jun 2026 20:58:43 +0000 ololololo]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5823.html
.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-06-16 231810.jpg (Size: 188.22 KB / Downloads: 173)
The word kchedykary is written in a handwriting style similar to the rest of the section, but the lines are thin and about the same width, which is unusual for pen writing but resembles fountain pen writing. You can also notice that it is written above the line, rather than starting the line.
The letter d is also highlighted - it is written without jerks and resembles an eight too much. On the same page, you can see the words between the pipe and the pond with the nymphs. They don't fit into the lines and are written in the same way as kchedykary (clearly not with a pen).

.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-06-16 234651.jpg (Size: 122.96 KB / Downloads: 173)
Another example can be found on f75v.

.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-06-16 234833.jpg (Size: 95.41 KB / Downloads: 174)
The top words on You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. are also slightly different from the main text.

.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-06-16 234929.jpg (Size: 147.34 KB / Downloads: 174)
Maybe You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-06-16 235108.jpg (Size: 97.25 KB / Downloads: 174)
and You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-06-16 235153.jpg (Size: 190.51 KB / Downloads: 173)
And, finally, You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-06-16 235346.jpg (Size: 102.69 KB / Downloads: 173)

Such "foreign signatures" are not regular, i.e., there are also signature words written with a pen in the section. However, these inscriptions have a special feature: as you can see, they are often written inside illustrations.
Maybe I'm wrong, and this is just a hallucination, but it seemed strange to me.

What do you think or know about it?]]>
.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-06-16 231810.jpg (Size: 188.22 KB / Downloads: 173)
The word kchedykary is written in a handwriting style similar to the rest of the section, but the lines are thin and about the same width, which is unusual for pen writing but resembles fountain pen writing. You can also notice that it is written above the line, rather than starting the line.
The letter d is also highlighted - it is written without jerks and resembles an eight too much. On the same page, you can see the words between the pipe and the pond with the nymphs. They don't fit into the lines and are written in the same way as kchedykary (clearly not with a pen).

.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-06-16 234651.jpg (Size: 122.96 KB / Downloads: 173)
Another example can be found on f75v.

.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-06-16 234833.jpg (Size: 95.41 KB / Downloads: 174)
The top words on You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. are also slightly different from the main text.

.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-06-16 234929.jpg (Size: 147.34 KB / Downloads: 174)
Maybe You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-06-16 235108.jpg (Size: 97.25 KB / Downloads: 174)
and You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-06-16 235153.jpg (Size: 190.51 KB / Downloads: 173)
And, finally, You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
.jpg   Снимок экрана 2026-06-16 235346.jpg (Size: 102.69 KB / Downloads: 173)

Such "foreign signatures" are not regular, i.e., there are also signature words written with a pen in the section. However, these inscriptions have a special feature: as you can see, they are often written inside illustrations.
Maybe I'm wrong, and this is just a hallucination, but it seemed strange to me.

What do you think or know about it?]]> <![CDATA[New assessment on folio 116v - my study]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5822.html Tue, 16 Jun 2026 18:03:48 +0000 monisusa]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5822.html
My name is Monika Pal-Stumpp, I live in southern Germany and mostly have been a silent reader. I have been studying the Voynich-Manuscript for several years.
Today I am happy to share a new interpretation of the text from folio 116v. It became apparent that the difficult-to-read text, which was often considered "chaotic" does
in fact form a plausible and consistent message.
In my study, I examine paleografic characteristics, dialectal aspects and the numerous Latin abbreviations. Moreover, I take a close look at the ciphered words
in "Voynichese".These elements offer intriguing clues about the content, the region where this text may have originated and about the author's possible linguistic
background. 
I hope you enjoy reading it and look forward to your comments. 
The study is available on You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.]]>
My name is Monika Pal-Stumpp, I live in southern Germany and mostly have been a silent reader. I have been studying the Voynich-Manuscript for several years.
Today I am happy to share a new interpretation of the text from folio 116v. It became apparent that the difficult-to-read text, which was often considered "chaotic" does
in fact form a plausible and consistent message.
In my study, I examine paleografic characteristics, dialectal aspects and the numerous Latin abbreviations. Moreover, I take a close look at the ciphered words
in "Voynichese".These elements offer intriguing clues about the content, the region where this text may have originated and about the author's possible linguistic
background. 
I hope you enjoy reading it and look forward to your comments. 
The study is available on You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.]]> <![CDATA[Kassel 2. Ms. chem. 13]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5814.html Fri, 12 Jun 2026 15:41:12 +0000 JustAnotherTheory]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5814.html  It's your boi @JustAnotherTheory again. Check this out. I found a cool South German manuscript from 1459. It is:

Kassel 2° Ms. chem. 13

This is an astrology and occultism manuscript, but with ciphers! 

Several aspects look like the various marginalia in the VMS. For example, this MS' writer loves to use the "luez" abbreviation, also present in the VMS:


.png   000001.png (Size: 43.3 KB / Downloads: 139)

Here is something that resembles the end of VMS f116v:


.png   0003.png (Size: 17.88 KB / Downloads: 140)

And also the mysterious marking on VMS f8v:


.png   007.png (Size: 33.78 KB / Downloads: 140)

He/she is also fond of charms, it seems:


.png   008.png (Size: 18.99 KB / Downloads: 140)

As well as words ending in "89", which I personally have never seen in other manuscripts "in the wild":


.png   006.png (Size: 39.4 KB / Downloads: 140)

This person invents many ciphers. They are all monoalphabetic substitutions, perfectly normal for the time:


.png   004.png (Size: 279.44 KB / Downloads: 141)

But there seems to be another kind of cipher as well:


.png   005.png (Size: 181.55 KB / Downloads: 141)

Here is a link to this MS:

You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.]]>  It's your boi @JustAnotherTheory again. Check this out. I found a cool South German manuscript from 1459. It is:

Kassel 2° Ms. chem. 13

This is an astrology and occultism manuscript, but with ciphers! 

Several aspects look like the various marginalia in the VMS. For example, this MS' writer loves to use the "luez" abbreviation, also present in the VMS:


.png   000001.png (Size: 43.3 KB / Downloads: 139)

Here is something that resembles the end of VMS f116v:


.png   0003.png (Size: 17.88 KB / Downloads: 140)

And also the mysterious marking on VMS f8v:


.png   007.png (Size: 33.78 KB / Downloads: 140)

He/she is also fond of charms, it seems:


.png   008.png (Size: 18.99 KB / Downloads: 140)

As well as words ending in "89", which I personally have never seen in other manuscripts "in the wild":


.png   006.png (Size: 39.4 KB / Downloads: 140)

This person invents many ciphers. They are all monoalphabetic substitutions, perfectly normal for the time:


.png   004.png (Size: 279.44 KB / Downloads: 141)

But there seems to be another kind of cipher as well:


.png   005.png (Size: 181.55 KB / Downloads: 141)

Here is a link to this MS:

You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.]]> <![CDATA[Why are there "Voynichese" words mixed in?]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5807.html Wed, 10 Jun 2026 22:39:17 +0000 Bluetoes101]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5807.html Why, in writing which we can't even decipher the "plain text" are "voynichese words" added?]]> Why, in writing which we can't even decipher the "plain text" are "voynichese words" added?]]> <![CDATA[Something strange about Cod. Sang. 1068]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5630.html Sat, 18 Apr 2026 09:18:20 +0000 JustAnotherTheory]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5630.html

.png   Sans titre.png (Size: 49.52 KB / Downloads: 229)

The writing style reminds one of the marginalia on the VMS:


.png   2.png (Size: 33.39 KB / Downloads: 233)

There several more examples of the above in the manuscript. For information, Cod. Sang. 1068 is a 14th-15th century MS from Switzerland. It was digitized recently, you can find it here:

You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.]]>

.png   Sans titre.png (Size: 49.52 KB / Downloads: 229)

The writing style reminds one of the marginalia on the VMS:


.png   2.png (Size: 33.39 KB / Downloads: 233)

There several more examples of the above in the manuscript. For information, Cod. Sang. 1068 is a 14th-15th century MS from Switzerland. It was digitized recently, you can find it here:

You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.]]> <![CDATA[Basel MS. A V 23]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5547.html Wed, 08 Apr 2026 18:55:34 +0000 JustAnotherTheory]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5547.html Register or Login to view., from around 1400-1416 from a Carthusian Monastery.


.png   04.png (Size: 30.24 KB / Downloads: 149)


.png   03.png (Size: 28.89 KB / Downloads: 146)

There are also many instances of the "m" that starts like an "a", as in f116v:


.png   02.png (Size: 36.51 KB / Downloads: 141)


And many instances of "8" being used at end of words:


.png   01.png (Size: 28.65 KB / Downloads: 139)

Some "aiiin":


.png   05.png (Size: 23.6 KB / Downloads: 137)

And some other Voynich-y looking glyphs:


.png   06.png (Size: 60.79 KB / Downloads: 139) ]]> Register or Login to view., from around 1400-1416 from a Carthusian Monastery.


.png   04.png (Size: 30.24 KB / Downloads: 149)


.png   03.png (Size: 28.89 KB / Downloads: 146)

There are also many instances of the "m" that starts like an "a", as in f116v:


.png   02.png (Size: 36.51 KB / Downloads: 141)


And many instances of "8" being used at end of words:


.png   01.png (Size: 28.65 KB / Downloads: 139)

Some "aiiin":


.png   05.png (Size: 23.6 KB / Downloads: 137)

And some other Voynich-y looking glyphs:


.png   06.png (Size: 60.79 KB / Downloads: 139) ]]> <![CDATA[Another candidate for matching the VMS marginalia]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5513.html Fri, 03 Apr 2026 16:43:46 +0000 JustAnotherTheory]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5513.html Register or Login to view. and f116v. It comes from a German Carthusian monastery in 1431. Here are some examples:


.png   adv.png (Size: 187.15 KB / Downloads: 200)

What do you think?

EDIT: here is a link to the MS: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.]]> Register or Login to view. and f116v. It comes from a German Carthusian monastery in 1431. Here are some examples:


.png   adv.png (Size: 187.15 KB / Downloads: 200)

What do you think?

EDIT: here is a link to the MS: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.]]> <![CDATA[Huth's reading of f116v: "gâs" as "ganz" confirmed in medieval German corpus]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5449.html Sat, 14 Mar 2026 21:46:26 +0000 Torsten]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5449.html Register or Login to view. as "so nim gâs mich," interpreting "gâs" as an East Central German dialectal form of "ganz" (wholly, completely), yielding "so nimm mich ganz."

I was able to verify this reading using the Reference Corpus of Middle High German / Early New High German (Referenzkorpus Mittelhochdeutsch) hosted at Ruhr-Universität Bochum. The corpus contains three instances of "gâs" used as an adverb meaning "ganz":

1. "den vrouwin Und îlte des gâs zouwin"
2. "den hiez er bindin Und bat im gâs ir uindin"
3. "Sie azin gâs un̄ quamin"


.png   gas.png (Size: 44.17 KB / Downloads: 245)

Notably, all three instances are spelled with a long-s in word-final position.

In each case, "gâs" functions as the adverb "ganz" (wholly, entirely, completely). All three instances come from the same text, classified as "omd" — ostmitteldeutsch (East Central German). This is the dialect region that includes Thuringia, Saxony, and the area around Prague and Vienna. The corpus evidence shows that "gâs" with word-final long-s is attested. This means "gâs mich" can be read as two separate words — the adverb "gâs" (ganz, wholly) and the pronoun "mich" (me) — yielding "so nim gâs mich": "so take me wholly."

The form "gâs" for "ganz" is therefore attested in medieval East Central German — the dialect region consistent with Huth's proposed geographical origin of the manuscript.

Sources:
You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.]]> Register or Login to view. as "so nim gâs mich," interpreting "gâs" as an East Central German dialectal form of "ganz" (wholly, completely), yielding "so nimm mich ganz."

I was able to verify this reading using the Reference Corpus of Middle High German / Early New High German (Referenzkorpus Mittelhochdeutsch) hosted at Ruhr-Universität Bochum. The corpus contains three instances of "gâs" used as an adverb meaning "ganz":

1. "den vrouwin Und îlte des gâs zouwin"
2. "den hiez er bindin Und bat im gâs ir uindin"
3. "Sie azin gâs un̄ quamin"


.png   gas.png (Size: 44.17 KB / Downloads: 245)

Notably, all three instances are spelled with a long-s in word-final position.

In each case, "gâs" functions as the adverb "ganz" (wholly, entirely, completely). All three instances come from the same text, classified as "omd" — ostmitteldeutsch (East Central German). This is the dialect region that includes Thuringia, Saxony, and the area around Prague and Vienna. The corpus evidence shows that "gâs" with word-final long-s is attested. This means "gâs mich" can be read as two separate words — the adverb "gâs" (ganz, wholly) and the pronoun "mich" (me) — yielding "so nim gâs mich": "so take me wholly."

The form "gâs" for "ganz" is therefore attested in medieval East Central German — the dialect region consistent with Huth's proposed geographical origin of the manuscript.

Sources:
You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.]]> <![CDATA[What is this on the top left of the Rosette Page?]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5362.html Fri, 13 Feb 2026 11:08:02 +0000 eggyk]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5362.html

.png   image_2026-02-13_114308385.png (Size: 41.39 KB / Downloads: 225)
.png   image_2026-02-13_114401416.png (Size: 67.71 KB / Downloads: 226)

The "a" has a left loop curving more strongly upwards than a standard a in voynichese, unless i'm mistaken. The middle letters look a lot like a cr, but the dot above makes me see ci as well. 

If it isn't voynichese, what does it say? _acrio, _aciio, Iacrio, Iaciio? 

If voynichese, is it rachio , rachid ?]]>

.png   image_2026-02-13_114308385.png (Size: 41.39 KB / Downloads: 225)
.png   image_2026-02-13_114401416.png (Size: 67.71 KB / Downloads: 226)

The "a" has a left loop curving more strongly upwards than a standard a in voynichese, unless i'm mistaken. The middle letters look a lot like a cr, but the dot above makes me see ci as well. 

If it isn't voynichese, what does it say? _acrio, _aciio, Iacrio, Iaciio? 

If voynichese, is it rachio , rachid ?]]> <![CDATA[A SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5338.html Sat, 07 Feb 2026 19:59:48 +0000 JustAnotherTheory]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5338.html BSB Cgm 250, based on a classic Weltkronik from Jans Enkel. This particular MS was copied in southern Germany in the 1st quarter of the 15th century. It's "interesting" because of some matches to the VMS marginalia. The handwriting appears at first glance to be reminiscent of folio f116v:


.png   sonim.png (Size: 46.97 KB / Downloads: 308)

But wait, there's more:


.png   michiton.png (Size: 91.91 KB / Downloads: 293)

This looks like the classic "michiton", except for the missing "i". 

There is also a match to some handwriting of folio f17r:


.png   milior.png (Size: 108.9 KB / Downloads: 292)

And many more "amazing" coincidences appear in this manuscript in relation to the VMS.

Here is a link to the MS: 

You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

A beautiful MS indeed with many drawings, that remind one of the Biblia Pauperum style that lies so close to the VMS.

_____

Anyway, a small "divertissement" while we wait for a more important announcement.]]> BSB Cgm 250, based on a classic Weltkronik from Jans Enkel. This particular MS was copied in southern Germany in the 1st quarter of the 15th century. It's "interesting" because of some matches to the VMS marginalia. The handwriting appears at first glance to be reminiscent of folio f116v:


.png   sonim.png (Size: 46.97 KB / Downloads: 308)

But wait, there's more:


.png   michiton.png (Size: 91.91 KB / Downloads: 293)

This looks like the classic "michiton", except for the missing "i". 

There is also a match to some handwriting of folio f17r:


.png   milior.png (Size: 108.9 KB / Downloads: 292)

And many more "amazing" coincidences appear in this manuscript in relation to the VMS.

Here is a link to the MS: 

You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

A beautiful MS indeed with many drawings, that remind one of the Biblia Pauperum style that lies so close to the VMS.

_____

Anyway, a small "divertissement" while we wait for a more important announcement.]]> <![CDATA[Some potential matches(?) from dutch manuscript]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5298.html Mon, 26 Jan 2026 11:08:15 +0000 eggyk]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5298.html Register or Login to view. and You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. marginalia. 

Manuscript: Deventer, Athenaeumbibliotheek : 111 E 7 KL 
Ijssel Region, First half of 15th century
Link to manuscript: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.


.png   image_2026-01-26_113357383.png (Size: 59.37 KB / Downloads: 239)


Usage of ß 

Im not sure about how many dutch manuscripts have been found with this writing style and variance of symbols. In 15th century ijssel region, i would think that the native language of the author(s) would be somewhere on the spectrum between middle dutch, lower saxon or german, but i'm not certain. If so, the "so nim" section could plausibly be written by someone from the region.

This manuscript uses ß throughout the text. Was that symbol used in middle dutch, or was it a strictly german letter? Either way, perhaps relevant to You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. marginalia "muß".

"Her" examples

There are many examples of "Her", with varied looping styles. To my untrained eye, most are similar to f17r for the H and E. The R is different. I would be interested to know the meaning of this word within this latin manuscript and the context of its usage. Many of them are captialised, but some are not.

Its noteworthy that many of these capital H's consist of a seperated left side stroke that is almost identical to the L mentioned later in this post. Perhaps the writer on You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. began writing a H one word too early instead of L, noticed their mistake before completing the H and could simply leave it alone with the legible L intact. 

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Luēz̄ + additional ēz̄ words

The manuscript uses the ēz̄ ending semi-frequently through the text, including a potential luēz̄ match. Here are some examples along with many other words with the same ending; it would be helpful if somebody can tell what the ending represents across different words. If there is a clear usage pattern for the ending, it could shine light on the uncontracted spelling of "luēz̄".

Here is a word seemingly ending "uēz̄", which is the most relevant here.
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Here are some other examples, most/all with "coēz̄" 
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Capital L examples, with diagnonal bottom
It appears that the author writes their capital Ls with a diagonal stroke at the bottom, similar in look to f17r. The L in this potential "luez" example isn't looped, but the author is inconsistent in this, shown in another example where different Ls are used in a single sentence. 
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Portat/Portas
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Usage of different "D" symbols 
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EVA-like examples
These aren't voynichese words of course, but many words contain letters that have a similar style to EVA "n,r,s,u"
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These are by no means an extensive list of examples; they are all throughout the text and the text is rather long. I do have page numbers for each of the images in the document I used to collate them, so if there is a question about one of them let me know and i'll provide the location in the document. Hopefully someone finds it interesting!]]> Register or Login to view. and You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. marginalia. 

Manuscript: Deventer, Athenaeumbibliotheek : 111 E 7 KL 
Ijssel Region, First half of 15th century
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.png   image_2026-01-26_113357383.png (Size: 59.37 KB / Downloads: 239)


Usage of ß 

Im not sure about how many dutch manuscripts have been found with this writing style and variance of symbols. In 15th century ijssel region, i would think that the native language of the author(s) would be somewhere on the spectrum between middle dutch, lower saxon or german, but i'm not certain. If so, the "so nim" section could plausibly be written by someone from the region.

This manuscript uses ß throughout the text. Was that symbol used in middle dutch, or was it a strictly german letter? Either way, perhaps relevant to You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. marginalia "muß".

"Her" examples

There are many examples of "Her", with varied looping styles. To my untrained eye, most are similar to f17r for the H and E. The R is different. I would be interested to know the meaning of this word within this latin manuscript and the context of its usage. Many of them are captialised, but some are not.

Its noteworthy that many of these capital H's consist of a seperated left side stroke that is almost identical to the L mentioned later in this post. Perhaps the writer on You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. began writing a H one word too early instead of L, noticed their mistake before completing the H and could simply leave it alone with the legible L intact. 

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Luēz̄ + additional ēz̄ words

The manuscript uses the ēz̄ ending semi-frequently through the text, including a potential luēz̄ match. Here are some examples along with many other words with the same ending; it would be helpful if somebody can tell what the ending represents across different words. If there is a clear usage pattern for the ending, it could shine light on the uncontracted spelling of "luēz̄".

Here is a word seemingly ending "uēz̄", which is the most relevant here.
You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

Here are some other examples, most/all with "coēz̄" 
You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

Capital L examples, with diagnonal bottom
It appears that the author writes their capital Ls with a diagonal stroke at the bottom, similar in look to f17r. The L in this potential "luez" example isn't looped, but the author is inconsistent in this, shown in another example where different Ls are used in a single sentence. 
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Portat/Portas
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Usage of different "D" symbols 
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EVA-like examples
These aren't voynichese words of course, but many words contain letters that have a similar style to EVA "n,r,s,u"
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These are by no means an extensive list of examples; they are all throughout the text and the text is rather long. I do have page numbers for each of the images in the document I used to collate them, so if there is a question about one of them let me know and i'll provide the location in the document. Hopefully someone finds it interesting!]]> <![CDATA[On the word "luez" in the marginalia of folio f17v]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5246.html Fri, 16 Jan 2026 17:22:48 +0000 JustAnotherTheory]]> https://www.voynich.ninja/thread-5246.html

.png   qsdqsdqsdz.png (Size: 569.85 KB / Downloads: 311)

I am now focusing on the middle word, "luez". This word appears in many writings of the 15th century German scribe, Nicolaus von Dinkelsbühl. Here are a few examples:


.png   qsdqsd.png (Size: 43.8 KB / Downloads: 309)

This is from the manuscript BSB Clm 14319. Here is another one, from the manuscript Tractatus de partibus paenitentiae et de VII vitiis:


.png   sqdqsda.png (Size: 108.32 KB / Downloads: 309)

As you can see, this ressembles the VMS "luez":


.png   asas.png (Size: 52.39 KB / Downloads: 308)

Could this be a match?]]>

.png   qsdqsdqsdz.png (Size: 569.85 KB / Downloads: 311)

I am now focusing on the middle word, "luez". This word appears in many writings of the 15th century German scribe, Nicolaus von Dinkelsbühl. Here are a few examples:


.png   qsdqsd.png (Size: 43.8 KB / Downloads: 309)

This is from the manuscript BSB Clm 14319. Here is another one, from the manuscript Tractatus de partibus paenitentiae et de VII vitiis:


.png   sqdqsda.png (Size: 108.32 KB / Downloads: 309)

As you can see, this ressembles the VMS "luez":


.png   asas.png (Size: 52.39 KB / Downloads: 308)

Could this be a match?]]>