The Voynich Ninja - Analysis of the text

Why is there no more Voynichese in any other manuscript?

Fri, 12 Jun 2026 14:49:17 +0000

So this is a stupid question but we know that the VMS was used heavily, due to paper fading, so that means that many people used it for practical purposes and were able to read it without many problems. So my question is: why did nobody continue to use this method of encipherment in any other manuscript?

Why are there no Voynichese in no other astrology MS from 1400 or 1500, or even 1600?

If the encipherment was so successful, I would think that whoever could read it, and use it every day, would also continue to use it later? Like in marginalia of existing astrology manuscripts, for personal annotation, or even to encode other mysteries and hidden knowledge?

But there are NO Voynichese in ANY manuscript, ANYWHERE.

Why??

TTR Analysis, Observed vs. Reference Curve

Thu, 11 Jun 2026 14:29:23 +0000

While experimenting with the type/token ratio in the VMS corpus, I compared the original curve with a smoothed ideal curve. With one exception, the curves are almost identical. The “kink” above the original curve can only mean that there are more new words than “usual” in this section of text. Since this deviation occurs only once, it is quite remarkable or am I overinterpreting this observation ?

Type_Token_Ratio.png (Size: 50.8 KB / Downloads: 49)

Similarity of Voynichese glyphs according to their immediate statistical environment

Tue, 09 Jun 2026 13:36:46 +0000

I posted You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. about the 'similarity' of Voynich glyphs with each other and I'd like to elaborate further on that. Not sure if it's useful and/or a new thing (I doubt), but anyway..

For each glyph I calculate the frequency distributions of the preceding glyph: this gives a vector of numbers (adding up to 1) for each glyph. Then I calculate the Euclidean distance between each couple of vectors (root-mean-square: the square root of the sum of the squares of the differences). I do the same for the distributions of the following glyph. By construction, each distance can be as a minimum zero, and as a maximum SQRT(2) =~ 1.414

What does this mean in practice? If we find that EVA 'k' and EVA 't' have small distances, both of them, and, say, we find the sequence 'oka' in the text, then it's probable we'll also find 'ota', and moreover the ratio between 'oka's and 'ota's will probably be similar to the ratio between 'k's and 't's.

These are the most similar glyph couplets, as measured by the average of distance_previous and distance_following, considering the whole RF1a-n transcription and excluding rare glyphs (defined as all the glyphs with a frequency lower or equal to that of EVA 'g'):

Common couplets.png (Size: 8.3 KB / Downloads: 208)

If you want to consider also the rare glyphs, add the following couplets:

Rare couplets.png (Size: 8.39 KB / Downloads: 208)

For reference (excluding rare characters), the two most dissimilar glyphs are, unsurprisingly, 'q' and 'n'. Average distance = 1.39, previous = 1.39, following = 1.38. Almost maximally orthogonal.

Notice: the above analysis considers 'ch', 'sh', 'ckh', 'cth', 'cph' and 'cfh' to be stand-alone glyphs. This is arbitrary of course (but I think there are good reasons for it). Also, there was some manual work involved in creating the results tables, so excuse for any errors or omissions.

When I can, I'll try to get the same data for each section of the VMS.

Templatic Voynich generator

Thu, 04 Jun 2026 21:21:55 +0000

Dear all,

I have made a template driven voynich text generator which passes the statistic tests, including my own 4 signature tests which are quite demanding. Is it something that would be worth sharing, or template generators are already well described and known? I couldnt find much litterature except the groundbreaking work from Stolfi, but I dont know if he made an actual generator. Thanks for your inputs

Mapping Voynich connections through rare tokens

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 11:55:11 +0000

Most of my initial Voynich analysis focused on the most common tokens (I suppose it is the easiest way to start analysing the text). But this doesn't give us much information. So I started wondering if the opposite approach might actually be more informative.

Instead of looking at the global vocabulary, I analysed rare and semi-rare tokens. Not hapax legomena, since many of those could just be scribal noise or transliteration errors, but tokens appearing only a few times across the manuscript. My reasoning was simple: rarer tokens are potentially more specific, and therefore easier to trace between folios (and it might have less errors as they are repeated in the MS).

I built page-to-page networks based on shared rare tokens. The result was surprinsingly structured. Most pages remain weakly connected, but a few behave like hubs that link otherwise distant lexical communities.

The strongest case was f86v.

This is especially interesting because You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. is a pure text folio. It has no obvious visual structure like zodiac diagrams or herbal labels. Yet it repeatedly emerges as one of the most connected pages in the manuscript when analysing rare-token overlap.

What caught my attention is that You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. does not connect strongly to just one section. It shares selective vocabulary with multiple areas of the manuscript, especially Marginal stars, but also Biological, Herbal, Cosmological and others.

Another thing that stood out is the behaviour of the Marginal stars section itself. Several folios from this section repeatedly emerge as hubs or dense local connectors. This suggests that the section may contain a relatively coherent but highly reused layer of vocabulary, possibly acting as a bridge between otherwise more isolated parts of the manuscript.

Main rare-token hubs detected in the network:

Folio	Section	Observed behaviour
f86v	Text-only	strongest transversal hub
fRos	Cosmological	cross-section connector
f111r	Marginal stars	dense lexical hub
f113r	Marginal stars	dense lexical hub
f115v	Marginal stars	highly connected
f108v	Marginal stars	bridge-like behavior
f72v	Zodiac	unexpectedly connected
f67r	Astronomical	distant lexical links
f89r	Pharmaceutical	cross-section overlap
f76v	Biological	emerges at relaxed thresholds

The heatmap below shows one example. Each colored signal corresponds to links between You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. and different manuscript sections using only semi-rare tokens. The x-axis follows token order inside the folio itself.

heatmap.jpg (Size: 34.57 KB / Downloads: 307)

The important point is that the signals are sparse and selective. The page does look like a connector between different lexical neighborhoods (maybe references to text within the MS?).

The Rosettes foldout also behaves in a similarly unusual way. It does not dominate the network as strongly as f86v, but it repeatedly appears as a transversal connector between distant parts of the manuscript.

I am not claiming this proves that You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. is a summary page or an index. That would be too speculative. But I do think these results support a weaker idea: some folios seem to reuse selective vocabulary drawn from multiple textual communities across the manuscript.

Maybe the most common tokens tell us how the text is generated, while the less common ones tell us how the manuscript is organized. I also think the existence of hubs is difficult to explain with a fully random distribution of rare tokens. If these tokens were placed randomly across the manuscript, I would not expect them to accumulate repeatedly around specific folios acting as lexical connectors between otherwise distant pages.

I think this opens a new way of checking for relationships between folios and sections.

The oddities of the bigram "ed" pt. 4 : The Chunking of Scribes

Thu, 28 May 2026 17:06:41 +0000

I decided to start another thread on this. While it ties directly into my work on the copy/mutate ledger (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.), this deserves to be tied into my previous work on the bigram and to have it's own post because of the.... "Huh?" factor. This may already be known but I'm just discovering it so pardon if stepping on someone else's work.

Here's my previous posts on that subject for reference.

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In those posts I try to describe the differences between Currier A, which is Scribe 1 and Currier B which is Scribe 2+. They are dominated by the difference between the bigrams and with I defined as ED0 and ED+ regimes. My work on the generator focuses on Scribe 1 because of this apparent "regime shift" in order to try to gain stability in generator production.

Today, I decided to explore that a little further to see what effects I would need to anticipate should I decide to model Scribe 2+ and here's the interesting results I got.

First, I had codex create a basic machine learning script that would scan through the pages created by specific scribes (excluding any pages/sheets classified as being from 2 different scribes) and I had it look for syllabic chunks, things that resembled syllables. After creating 5 data files, one for each scribe, I had codex create a second script that would combine and compare those results to see how different scribes used different chunks. Here's the result:

Both charts are sorted by Scribe 1 counts for comparison.

Total count top chunks used by each scribe:

  scribe_chunk_line_chart_sorted_s1.png (Size: 244.3 KB / Downloads: 201)

Normalized count of top chunks used by each scribe:

  scribe_chunk_line_chart_normalized.png (Size: 222.19 KB / Downloads: 200)

Here's my interpretation of what I'm seeing:

To me, this looks cumulative and directional. The later scribes are not replacing the earlier ecology, they are amplifying parts of it and reducing usage of other parts.

And it's monotonic. Usage is consistently moving in one direction without reversing by scribe.

  monotonic_increasing_chunks.png (Size: 209.1 KB / Downloads: 198)

  monotonic_decreasing_chunks.png (Size: 202.96 KB / Downloads: 198)

Taking this method of ML chunking one step further, I had codex examine these syllables by quire and sheet and create a PCA chart (You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.). In this chart, a dot represents a sheet. The number above the dot represents the quire number.

  sheet_chunk_pca.png (Size: 147.37 KB / Downloads: 194)

Possible explanations for this because this does not look like random drift:

Source-pool inheritance: Different scribes may have preferentially copied from different quire/sheet pools, which matches my proposed sheet-source pool idea for page creation. Furthermore, if pages were created using source sheets, the chunk ecology may suggest that later scribes preferentially reused sheets already created by earlier scribes and may have preferred the most recent scribe's work. (sorry, had to list this one first because of my working theory, not that it has any other specific weight.)
Regime reweighting: The scribes may have used slightly different weighting systems for selecting or constructing words while still operating within the same broader production framework.
Progressive stabilization: Over time, productive word families may have become increasingly dominant, with prefixes and endings becoming more specialized and certain chunks becoming structurally “sticky.”
Scribal training lineage: Later scribes may have learned from already-shifted exeamples. Scribe 5 inherits an ecology already shaped by Scribe 4, Scribe 4 inherits one shaped by Scribe 3, and so on.
Section/topic dependence: I have not specifically tested this yet, but different scribes are known to work in specific sections, so some chunk ecology differences could reflect section-specific production behavior rather than purely scribal differences.

And there are certainly other plausible explanations as well. What I'm seeing though is that the chunk ecology appears structured and directional rather than random.

EDIT: To test if this n-gram chunking might be section specific I reproduced the PCA chart with Herbal only pages. It's still showing a clean separation between scribes.

herbal_only_chunk_pca.png (Size: 136.06 KB / Downloads: 157)

Use of "ee" in Q2-3 is weird(?)

Thu, 21 May 2026 22:19:29 +0000

Voynich is weird and grass is green etc..
But, a run of 14 pages (f13r to f19v) where the writer alternates between using and never using something as common as ee seems odd
A hint at method to the madness? Apophenia? Go to bed Bluetoes?

ees.JPG (Size: 143.39 KB / Downloads: 235)

Proposed architecture of the Voynich system

Thu, 21 May 2026 15:43:03 +0000

The IVTFF cleanly separates captions (next to drawings) from the rest of the text.

I thought that captions could be semantic rich, and maybe different from the rest of the text from a grammar perspective?

Looks like they are.

Captions follow the following pattern, overwhelmingly: o-K-V-F (o + stop + vowel + final consonant), repeated 1-2 times. The ch/sh and e slots are used sparingly. What's more, captions dont carry the A/B distinction signal.

So... what if captions where surfacing semantically meaningful words, whereas words not containing o-V-K-F where just "elaboration"?

We would then have two channels in Voynich.

I ran some stats, and look at the results:
Semantic channel (o, a, t, k, p, f, d, l, r, n, m, y, s): stable across sections, preserved in captions, 73% of all glyphs
Elaboration channel (ch, sh, e, ee, q, i, ii, cXh): varies by line position, varies by A/B "language," largely absent from captions.

Semantic words have 29% redundancy => reasonable, close to natural language
Elaboration has only 3.2% redundancy => it's essentially memoryless. It barely depends on the previous elaboration. This is consistent with elaboration being either random padding, a simple positional marker, or an independent cipher layer.

Entropy Comparison
Each Voynich word carries approximately:

7.73 bits of semantic core information (the message)
2.78 bits of elaboration information (position + dialect + some morphology)
Total: 10.51 bits per token

The elaboration's 2.78 bits decompose further into:

PREFIX (~1.76 bits): primarily encodes line position (ch/sh at start, ∅ at end, q in middle)
INFIX (~3.38 bits): encodes section dialect and some core-specific morphology

These two sub-channels share only 0.147 bits of mutual information (8.4% of prefix entropy), they are nearly independent.

Let me make two conjectures:
1) the Voynich has two layers: a semantic core (73% of glyphs, 49% of vocabulary) and an elaboration layer (27% of glyphs, carrying almost no sequential information)
2) proposed word architecture: [ELAB_PREFIX] + [SEMANTICAL_PREFIX] + [SEMANTICAL_STEM] + [SEMANTICAL_SUFFIX] + [ELAB_INFIX] + ...
ch/sh/q o/a/∅ k/da/ka/... y/n/l/r/m/∅ ii/ee/e/i

Example decompositions:
Full word Elabprefix SemPrefix Stem SemSuffix Elabinfix
chol ch o — l —
okaiin — o ka — ii ...
daiin — ∅ da — ii ...
shedy sh ∅ — — e + (d=stem, y=suffix)
qokeedy q o k — ee ...

Thoughts?

A One-Page Ledger Method for Generating Voynich-Like Text

Sat, 16 May 2026 19:43:34 +0000

Evidence for Local Copy–Mutation in the Scribe 1 Corpus - note: not peer reviewed.

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Github Repository
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Related paper

Beyond Currier A and B: ED-Defined Folio Regimes and Lexical Continuity in the Voynich Manuscript - note: not peer reviewed.
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That paper is regarding my earlier posts: The oddities of the bigram ED

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So, there you have my work to date. My helmet is on, prepared to duck.

A Possible Reading of "rapa (turnip)" on f102v2

Sat, 16 May 2026 05:56:59 +0000

There are several ingredients on folio 102v2.
One of them appears to be the known turnip.
My current approach is to find a match with any known medieval language to the term used in the manuscript.
The logic is to find the equivalent letter(s) to each of the Voynich symbols used to identify the object.

  VN1.jpg (Size: 31.76 KB / Downloads: 123)
In 15 centuries Latin Manuscript (1450-1454) You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
I have discovered very similar word used for the turnip:

  VN2.jpg (Size: 36.7 KB / Downloads: 122)

In a comparison table I have tried to encompass my humble knowledge concerning the possible object with the followinf translitaeration:

  table.jpg (Size: 28.73 KB / Downloads: 122)
According to this result the term used for turnip is most near the Latin "rapa". However from other places of the Manuscript we are quite sure that for "p" the author had used "P".
It is possible a positional difference, or that gallow "P" has more inhalt than rather "p" like "pr"; "por", "F" etc.
Another very possible (for me the most possible) transliteration is the German word "rettich" as implied by the author.
Since "
  a.jpg (Size: 1.67 KB / Downloads: 199) " seems to me composed of "ei" or "et"; and then "
  p.jpg (Size: 2.2 KB / Downloads: 199) " could be easily read as "ih" "is".

I am sure that much I missed- any other thoughts, critiques and suggestions about reading of this word?

Output from a Voynich generator I'm working on.

Fri, 15 May 2026 17:47:57 +0000

I am working on a generator that creates output that's statistically similar to Voynich. It's not intended to be perfect, and you'll see that it's not. It's only intended as a proof of concept and to be in the general ballpark of Voynichese so please resist the urge to whip out the decimal points.

This is based on scribe 1/Currier A so you won't see the big bigram ed in this.

Your opinions would be appreciated.

Here's some basic stats and 50 pages of output.

Basic stats:
Page-count rule: output pages = Voynich pages = 50
Voynich pages available: 225
Voynich pages compared: 50
Generated pages: 50

Output tokens: 4147
Output vocabulary size: 1366
Output hapax count: 816
Voynich comparison tokens: 3985
Voynich vocabulary size: 1415
Voynich hapax count: 988
Top 20 output bigrams (50 pages):
ho: 1281
ch: 995
ol: 768
sh: 749
ai: 593
da: 560
he: 533
ar: 532
in: 429
ey: 418
ii: 408
or: 383
od: 336
ct: 309
th: 292
ha: 226
hy: 202
eo: 196
ok: 177
ot: 166

Top 20 Voynich bigrams (50 pages):
ch: 1486
ho: 1090
ai: 670
ol: 651
in: 647
ii: 609
hy: 542
da: 535
or: 524
sh: 493
he: 384
ok: 372
ot: 349
qo: 345
dy: 292
ct: 279
th: 273
od: 258
ee: 237
ey: 225

zipf.png (Size: 48.89 KB / Downloads: 142)

word length.png (Size: 20.25 KB / Downloads: 141)

Code:

        shokchiey.sho.osdain.otaiin.shol.chore

        ksa.oosdain.daraii.cfhar.cthad.ckaiin.ksa.tshodeosy

        sho.shok.chear.chok.ksa.lsory.cthar

        yeto.shey.chor.sho.shokchiey

        sory.kshy.psa.s.shol

        tsa.oal.psa.tsa.cheard.kaiiin.chtor.ookain

        sha.shey.ckhar.kshoy.qchey

        shar.chdy.oal.cha.tshoreesy.sha.shol.sheky.ksa

        shol.ksa.cthar.sheky.rsa.cthar.osho.cthain

        chotey.qkor.pshol.daraii.chor.cho.cthain.s

        chey.s.qchey.ssa.ckhey.ord.ckhar.shol.chey

        s.chydaiin.chiol.rsa.cphoy.rso

        chotey

        ksa.stodary.shey.cthey.kshy

        y.oteol.daraiin.cphey.chodain.chtor

        pss.chey.qchdey.cphodaiils.pysdeey.daiin.kshy.chor

        ois.cthy.cphey.sheg.ychoo.ckhey.qchdey

        daiiin.shog.qchdey.chtor.stodary.kshy

        rolofy.ckaiin.tchey.okain.chey

        qchey.chey.cphodaiils.yadain.kshoy.tchey.sho.dchan.cheay

        cphhey.dair.oor.cphodaiis.cphodaiils.faiin.cchey.shodary

        cthey.chodain.tchey.kshoy.y

        cshey.shodary.cthey.cthal.y.chok.org.qchey.ols

        sheeo.dchan.pshy.cthey.ro.shodary.cchey.stodary

        cpchey.kchy.shir

        shocthy.shor.cthey.chol.shaoiin.ol

        tshor.thaiin.shok.qodshey.shaoiin.qodshey.chky

        kshoay.oteoil.chky.pshos.chok.shaoiin

        chol.fss.shod.cthiy.fsho.eoteos

        yshey.rchey.rsoo.omain.chky.chocthy

        kol.eoteos.ol.tshodeesy.ol.kool.sthol

        cshol.ycto.chky.oyda.kchy.kol

        shor.olg.shain.csheeo.otol.stoedary.shok.kshoy

        s.dyar.scho.olg.shos.sho.chiol.cthaiin.kol

        chy.cfholdar.chol.shoy.rchtor

        tycheey.chtor.cphodaiila.kodshe.por.kshy

        s.oteos.s.dkhar.chtod.kss.ycheey.okain.pshos

        cphar

        fchiol.chldy.chol.dtain.sho.chdy.dtain

        ocphhey.shoy.shoyr.o.shor.sheg.tchey

        okchoy.eoteol.kodaein.cchocthy.shor

        dan.okaiir.cphar.pss.cfhoaldar.kodaiin.o

        shoyr.keey.odar.shok.kodaiin

        cphhey.oykaiir.sfhoy.shor.shodeesy.chy

        chaor.y.tshodeesy.otain.ocphhey.chodain.stodaro.kodaein.chodaiin

        tchiol.shoy.stodary.kodaiin.yksho.shoy.olkain

        ckaeiin.shoy.dchy.daiien.shofcheey

        ckhey.chodaiin.porg.otain.shor.o.dydyd.okain.por

        saraiin.stodaro.shord.tshodeedy.oykaiir.shodeesy.o.kodaiin

        kol.s.chop.scphey.ol.cphr.scphey.oydar.cphar

        chor.tshodeesy.chor.cphar.tshodeese.shodeesy.cphar.shor

        ckhar.chy.fchey.cthol.shor.chokain.cthl

        tshodeesy.cphealy.s.cchky.kydaiin.shodait.ol

        kair.cthol.olg.cthey.chpy.tshodyesy.olr

        chey.shodeesy.tshor.tair.ekaiir.chodain.chtor.shor

        dshor.o.kshoay.chodain.shor.olr.chaord

        olr.ckeey.shaoii.shor.chor

        shal.kol.ckhealy.cphealy.cfholdar

        ooiin.modaiin.ytal.poiin.cfhaiin.yksho.tshodeesy.ol.ryar

        eaoteos.kedaiin.shchaiin.eoteos

        chol.poiin.ycheeay.ctholdr.cfhol

        cphy.ctholdar.cthol.o.shory.otairin

        cthol.kar.otaiin.cfholdar.chol.dair.cphr.otaiin

        dchaii.chol.oay.ataiin.cfholdar.cphey.cfholdar

        fchey.okcheay.o.cfhoaldar.cfhol.qkaiir.dchaiin.qyar.stodro

        or.oykair.chol.cfhol.shooy.cthy.chyl.ctholdar.or

        cphy.char.cphar.tshodeesy.tshodeedy.cfholdar.shey.chocthy

        cpho.gair.cfholdar.o.cthal

        or.cfhoaldar.oor.mor.cphy

        okeey.ksha.o.par.chkeor

        cphy.cthy.ckhal.mor.cphy.shoy.or.kair.chol

        cfholdar.or.o.atchol.sodro.cphhey.cthy.roloky.shy

        cfhy.ckhar

        tchey.dsa.s.char.par

        pchol.cthoary.dain.cheyr.cheas.shar

        cchoary.kachys.dain.chol.kchy

        char.okain.cthey.cthol.s.cfhol.ctholdar.dsa

        cchhey.cphy.daiin.chear.cchoary.fachys

        dair.keay.cthoay.odr.cthy.chol.otol.tshodeedy.koshey

        kdair.chol.qchocthy.s.dsa.teody.dair

        dsa.yeody.chyl.chol.eeoteos.sheey.ataiien

        teiody.qchocthy.cfhol.okches.cthy.cfhyl.cfhol

        chol.sheey.ooksho.ol.shoaion.ool.cchol.cfholdar

        shodo.shoaiin.sory.chot.cphy.lthol.dair.kachys.chhol

        csol.kor

        poiin.sshody.chot.chor.poaiin.diir.cthy

        cho.choaiin.cshy.kshoy.cho.cthyar.chol.dain.kshy

        chot.kshoy.teiody.o.pare.cphey.pshool.tshodyedy.cfholda

        cfholdar.dydyd.cfholdar.dydyd.chey.cthey

        choain.dair.osa.chey.kosheg.cshy.chot.tshodyedy

        ccthoary.ctheary.koshey.mos.cho.cthom.shoary.qchoctho

        kcho.kshoy.choaiin.kcho.choaiin

        cphey.cthar.cphey.chor.kchy.choaiin.chey

        chot.choain.chey.ctchey.ctholdar

        chey.cthol.mos.chor.kchy.chor

        dydyd.char.pchols.pam.cphey.cfholdor.oas

        oteey

        kshyr.cha.chhol.cphy.chol

        kdaird.qcthoay.oor.shoo.tchey

        kshy.teiod.koeay.kdair.sheayr.otal.oor

        shol.kchy.dair.cpeor.ataiien.shoy.cfholdar

        pydain.koeay.chyl.cseol.par

        achys.shol.cphiey.shol.shear

        shoy.cphoo.teiod.cfholdr.chol.cthoady

        pam.chy.keay.choe.chok.kcy.dar.chy.rchor

        yshey.kchom.shoy.par.koeay.chot.teiody

        chol.olg.shoy.choe.koeay

        os.chol.dar.cseol.keiin.os.chot.teiod.pchol

        ear.yeiod.kchoy.keay.eeotees.choe.chol.kchy

        keay

        shod.ool.cthol.chol.daiein

        dckhar.chodaiils.pshold.chodaiils.koor.cphodaiils.dchar.dal

        shiol.ctheos.cthesaiin.cphodaiils.kor.chaiin.kydeey.daiin.choy

        cphesaiin.o.ylshey.daiin.cpeor.cthesaiin

        kor.pshol.fos.cthesaiin.char.chol.cphesaiin

        chodain.o.shol.shiol.yshold

        tchey.chol.o.cphodaiils.kas

        chodaiils.dar.daer.yor.shol.ro.cthol.drin

        dain.chhol.ctholdas.chodaiils.cthom.shyos.otoos.shoc.oteos

        chodaiin.oteos.cphodaiils.pchol.sa.chodain.cfholdam.rchol

        cthol.y.kchoaiin.cphodaiils.chol

        rchol.shol.cfholdam.cphodaiils.cthesaiin.teioe

        oteosm.chol

        pchodaiin.okan.chon.chol.rolety

        shey.oteol.otoeos.cfholdar.dair.eteol.cfholdam

        dseol.shos.cfhodaiils.y.cfhodaiils.sa

        chol.daid.roloty.ookan.koeay.cfhaiin

        cthsaiin.sa.rolety.dain.sheky.ookan.opan.shory.oteos

        kchor.dai.chol.chodyain.shod.daer.ksa.kchooy.sockhey

        rolety.oteos.okan.shol.okan.roloty.chol.dainm

        opan.sa.shey.rolety.chor.pchodaii

        rolety.cchodaiils.opan.yshey.okan

        daicthy.ssa.socphey.sa.cshoc.chal.roloty

        sa.ksa.ssa.ssho.otoeos

        cphoodaiils.roloty.shoc.cfhaiin.cfholdar

        pdaer.ol.koir.eteol.ckhydg.eol.dain.cfhol.cphar

        cpholaiils.rolyty.pchol.char.daer.ooteol.poeay.chokain.y

        ool.eor.choty.y.chotey.yshey.daiin.chealy.chtaiin

        seody.ain.poeay.etaiin.fshe.dar

        chtaiin.daid.pchedaiin.dseog.ataiin.cphodaiils.y.rolyty.dair

        foir.shol.ataiin.oldais.dseol.oteol.kodsheo

        otaiin.okol.shofcheey.daer.char.ool.ckhey

        cphar.oop.daer.choty.ookan.daer.okol.chaiin.dchar

        kodaiin.qpchol.kaol.y.pdaer.pchedaiin.odaiin.cfhaiin

        okan.cthosdas.shaiin.ekaiin.paiin.ykain.y.chok

        cpha.os.shos.chaiin

        cfholdar.pchol.cphooy.oaiin.seomy

        cfholdar.y.seomy.ctholdar.tachys.cphy

        pshol.daiin.ctholdar.seody.or.ctholdar.chyr.cfholdar.ooc

        cfhodaiils.chhon.psdol.ooc.chodey.or.kor

        chal.cthar.chlaiin.csholdar.psdol.o.or.daied.cphey

        csholdar.chol.daied.chys.tairin

        dar.ooiin.oaiin.cthol.kchor.dchal.chon.ksa.chaiin

        o.seody.qchedaiin.cfholdar.dir.y

        chtain.ctholdar.saody.oken.or.shodain.cfholdar.qchedarin.ypcho

        cthos.chon.sos.cthioldar.cfhoaiin.shol

        cphear.kchom.s.chear.ataiion.cthol.or.chol

        pchol

        pchey.col.ots.choil.ord.ldain.cthos.cthol.ddair

        ots.chol.royty.ord.cpyear.cseomy.cfholdar

        ldain.cthol.oar.choil.kchom.csholdar.cphealy.chol.tchey

        y.taiin.chealy.ctholdar.fos

        daid.y.dpha.cfholdar.chealy.chol.yord.roeay.oyts

        chealy.ykaoin.y.ldain.chaealy.shotey.ydain.shear

        shodain.shoy.ckhealy.etain.shok.cphodaiil.odaid.choil

        teody.cphoey.choil.chol.qchedarin.chikain.cphodaiil

        kshoy.qchedarin.qchedaiin.y.chealy.shoy

        pasdol.choil.toirin.chokain.chol.psdol.pchil.chol.choilm

        skeomy.cfhol.shodain.y.pchil.char

        seomdy.chodain.kos.chhoil

        tshoy.cfhol.ctheol.pchey.s.chear.aied

        chol.ckheol.yord.shey.csholdar.ydain.chol.ycho.shotey

        ord.cfhol.chol.cthol.pchol.shchaiin.col.ataiin.chotey

        y.ctshy.tshoy.ckheol.oor

        chody.pchol.chol.cchol.ctheol.pydeey.oied

        shol.ctheol.ckhr.lsheky.daraiind.chok.chol.pshol

        ctheol.okchee.pshol.ord.ctholdar.chord.ctholdar

        tholdar.col.cfhol.shodcheey.col.pchl.chor.daied

        shoshoy.y.chhol.ckol.choc.shoain.shol.yoyts.dir

        taein.daraiin.chor.ro.pord.oyr.doraiin.cphey

        tchey.oseomdy.shol.cfhol.y.aied.taeon

        dchol.chaear.y

        teody.cchoary.cphey.pydeey.y.doraii

        yal.cthoary.arr.cthoary.cseomm

        chol.cchoary.shory.cseomy.shyl.cchoary

        chhtor.teydy.dchikain.chal.shol.cthal.kchy.arr.shoain

        dro.daen.chol.chey.cphay.dkaiin.cchoary.cthee.ckol

        shoain.ckol.oateos.rchy.oteos

        shol.fachys.pchol.s.cphay.shoteey

        tshooy.chol.col.cthol.cthey

        y.shek.chol.shay.choil

        col.y.chol.tshooy.ckol.ckhey.shoteey

        cthal.shay.cthey.sheo.dchol

        cphar.karr.ctoil.choail.yty.ykaiin.cthar

        ckhol.choil.cchoay.ckhol.chord

        s.shotey.roy.koshey.ckheol.chor.shotey

        fachysh.cool.koshey.cthoary.shopcheey

        fachysh.schol.shoteey.kodshey.shos.shoteey.cthoary.s.cthy

        shteey.shol.kodshey.odar.foy.chol.fachys.oteos

        pshar.shoteey.cthol.pchey.schopcheey.shotey.kodshey

        otaii.pchol.koshey.chol.shol.s.shoteey.chol.ykal

        ctheyl.cphealy.pchol.sol.cchol.chotey.cchol.shoty.sheoo

        fachysh.koshey.chol.or.theol.chols.shteey.cthey.deir

        koshey.cfhhol.chol.tholdar.shoy

        y.fachysh.chol.shil.sheoo.chold

        kor.oteos.s.ctheyl.ydar

        toydar.sheoo.ydar.chol.cchol

        foshey.daraiin.cool.kol.foshey.chor.dyr.chhtor.ooydar

        kosheey.kchoil.fachysh.dan.daiin.col.ckhol.col

        dkaraiin.cthol.pchol.daraiin.shol.cchol

        chol.cthol.oer.ekal.cthol.dkaraiin.pchol.oer

        dkaraiin.cchol.ooiin.mory.chord

        chor.chol.dkaiin.cchoy.chol.cchol.cfhol

        qchol.stchey.dlaraiin.vodar.shory.pchol.ckol.cshol

        chealy.ctchaiin.shoteoy.chol.cchol.ckhey.okaiiir

        sory.qchol.cphoy.dlaraiion.dchol.koadshey.voshey

      dkarain.chhol.kodaion.ckol.ckhey.ckeor

      cthodl.ctol.cchal.qchol.shotey

        todshey.dlocty.schol.dain.cthal.pchol.cthey

        pchodor.dan.cfhesaiin.ckhol.otol.cthod.yoky.cchol.col

        or.dlocty.oky.ckhor.rchy.kor.ctol.kodshey.kyoshey

        choyl.kaiin.ekal.oycheey.sho.shol.or

        oksho.oky.oksheo.otsho.or

        daiion.dor.chor.shol.tyoydar

        chor.schol.chor.shon.chol.cfhol.ckhor.shol

        pchol.chol.cphy.or.kor.ckhor.os.she.foashey

        oyr.kor.ccholg.sheear.or.cshesaiin.or

      chol.toydar.orr.ckol.tyoydar.cthol

      eor.pchol.oer.tchey.cthodl

      ckhor.chotoy

        otol.ycho.ckhyds.kaiin.or.raraiin

        sqol.cor.chol.kaiin.kal

        foasheiy.orr.shol.ykaiin.kodaiin.chhol

        chal.fachysh.foashey.tos.por

        foasheiy.yoer.dair.odain.cckhor.dchol.oitol

        kdos.pchon.schol.far.ros.cchol.chor.oor

        lchor.kdos.pshol.okon.por.orl.shool.kos

        chor.qor.cphy.teos.chor.eey.daor.soy

        dar.chocthy.schol.daicthyr.cshol.chtor.odr.daraiin

      okol.shol.ykaiin.qer.shoky.yphesaiin

      kaiin.ror.kyr.ksho.chog

      cthar.kos.pshol.or.pcheol

      schyl.lool.chodor.chor

        schol.cty.or.kaiin.oyd

        olm.ose.kaiin.ckhor.sheky.chochy.otoiin

        or.keee.yashey.cthey.foasey.otaiin.ykaiin

        eoydar.oteos.daiin.chool.yshey.qor

        ro.ckhorr.foashey.ckhorr.osheo

        eaiin.cfhey.shory.or.dcthy

        cthealy.eor.ros.choteay.shadain

        oor.ro.chal.oyr.oteos.ros.oir

        par.eor.oor.seoy.cthey

      ros.cchol.or.shchaiin.shey.or

      oar.keee.oar.eey.ar.ckhey.oor.chal.or

      eaiin.chal.cheey.chychy.tor.eor.por.cthal.chal

      ypheaiin.chol.chog

        otol.oan.shoky.y.rchy.dayr.sory

        eep.roys.okol.daier.or.chool.oor.or.school

        cchtor.ror.oar.cthy.y.dcharr

        oteol.dayr.cphy.dar.or.eor.fose

        orr.eeor.kol.yor.schol.ooer.chey

        shokchey.or.cchol.or.oddr.atol.otol.deor.ckhiy

        ckhey.chchol.ckhar.okshos.dair.fachysh.otol.eoer.kooer

        por.orr.ooer.sckhee.oteol.or.por.oiein

        y.oar.otol.ctdy.por.oyr.otoiid.qcty

      fachysh.okold.orl.or.orr.otol.eor

        atol.shy.achysh.ear.chochy.fachysh.chychy.eoydyr.chor

        cor.tshodeesy.shos.atol.dair.chol.fachysh.eoydar

        cchol.ooky.keee.okor.schol.cpho.chol.cchool

        yatol.chok.chochy.dlocka.tyor.chol.shok

        achysh.dlocta.chor.cphealy.daicthy.chor.por.chol

        yfo.oksho.shosha.or.por

        shokchey.cthealy.sachol.chil.fachysh.yshey.cchol

        cchotey.chog.chor.qpho.chok.cthy.achysh.cchoary.fachysh

        chog.fosey.tshodeesy.cor.cthil.chol.pshodeesy.or

      kor.tyor.chok.or.dlocta.chor.oyr.rchiy.dlocka

        sshy.yon.gaiiin.ctholdar.dchaoin.oor.daly

        kaiin.dayer.daly.orr.oor.cchtorr.rchoy.okan.oshy

        shokchy.daiiin.ror.yor.okain.s

        gaiiin.shey.dal.dchar.odyar

        kaiin.daier.achish.cthil.eor.dal.okaiir.pchear

        dan.tshodeesy.cchtorr.okan.dain.daly.s.cchtor

        cthal.shokcheey.oor.cthaiin.s

        cchoary.tshodeeso.oshy.sckhe.dchaiin.shokche.okcheey

        okan.cthol.s.sory.dail.okold.cfhaiin.rshol.cthol

      fachys.cchtor.okol.cfho.cthol.okam.otan

      ctholdar.cthal.okal.shol.rshol

      chol.daon.daior.cfhol.ykal

        roy.chog.shear.ooky.roy.cpharl.y

        kshear.soachol.shol.oos.rshol.kol.shear.pshear

        soachol.shol.rchy.poy.sory.sachol.shear.soachol.cthealy

        cfhyds.cpheala.dodyar.ksos.foos.osy

        doaior.kshoear.pshol.pshear.soachol.otol.kol.shoy.y

        shoy.cfhaiin.otan.sachol.y.okol

        cfhaiin.kyl.dair.shol.sachol.por

        pshol.sokcheey.shotche.chey.cthal

        ysy.kshoear.fshear.chol.chear.arey.otaiir

      cthey.dan.kol.ary.shy.cpheala

      cthaiin.kon.soachod.chol.ol.cfhaiin.chol.shokche.ychol

      cthol

        fshody.chey.ar.ccthy.s.odyar.yksy

        cfho.shokcheey.chodain.ckeor.yksy.shey.shok.shol.kos

        soachol.keair.cteor.kodshey.okol.ckeair.seky.cphe

        s.keair.ar.daien.shody.ar.sheal.cctholdar.okaior

        ysy.odar.doo.soachod.sachol.yksy.s.cchtoyr

        shaiin.ysy.odyar.soachol.far.shok.cchtor.okaiir

        chocthy.odyar.todaiin.yksy.shol

        chey.ar.oteosn.ckhiey.chol

        oteed.far.s.ckhey.are.oar.ysy.odar

      oachod.far.daiin.thealy.tshodeeso.oteed.daicthy

      ar.shol.ssoy.soachod.ysy

      shory.y.daiiin.far.ker

        pchol.chol.soachd.shey.s.rshol.otyl.chol.psheir

        farl.soachyl.daien.cphey.cphy.shoy

        kydain.keair.cthary.chol.soachd.fchol.otairin

        shokcheeo.shoy.shod.soachod.ysy.shos

        or.otaiin.chiocthy.shok.shar.daiiin.dain

        s.ckhey.soachd.ytaiir.pchol.otol.soachyl

        chycthy.dtair.rolofy.cchtor.orr.sho

        otairin.kshear.cthar.shey.kschoy.soachol.cfhol.dran

        chodaiin.s.soachod.cthar.s

      soachol.chok.chol.chocthy.shory.cfhol

      ydain.chycthy.dain.yksy.oor.chocthy.chil

      cshol.thol.dan.s.oteon.soachol

        fchol.ysy.s.ysy.chol.chil

        far.cteoor.cshol.fchol.cphealy.chok.daiiin.kos

        ysy.chil.dor.tchey.sheo.oteed.cthy.okai.s

        cteoor.ykal.fchol.chil.shodaid.das.cshol.shey.ckhealy

        chok.shey.chol.chok.cteor

        kosheay.chol.darain.chey.s.chol.shee

        shey.chtaion.fchol.cphar.sthary.cteor.saiin

        deain.chey.maiin.cphey.yoteos.s.soeachol.chor

        kchol.oteos.chol.diiin.yksy.cphey.soachol.kodsheoy

      saiin.lchol.diiin.lchol.yfo.okolm.eshey.cchol.shee

      s.sar.cthey.sheky.shea.soachd

        soachom.thol.chal.cphy.lcphealy

        cphy.cphealy.cthy.cthary.cthar.sheo

        ydain.soachdl.sckhey.cphy.sckhey.syoeachol.daiind

        soachyl.oachd.lcphealy.shoy.opol

        cholr.ar.soachyl.cphar.shod.koeey.cphoy.kaiin

        foachd.eare.cthy.shod.okal.lcphealy.shey

        chol.cthar.sckhey.rshol.ctheo

        cphealy.ycho.cphy.chhy.ar.sheky.ysheoy.soachyl

        cthy.cphar.s.lcphealy.chorr.shoay.cholr

      soachdl.okolr.cthes.shashy.drchaiin

      y.sthare.cphy.okchey.cphy.shok.cshy

      okolm.oksy.pchol.schey.sheky.soacho.chey.eshey.s

      chol.sacho

        ksho.y.cthes.roy.ysy

        chey.yooteos.shoy.cteor.shey.cphealy

        soachyl.cthes.yoteos.oachdl.shol.ckhealy

        oas.cphealy.chyol.yoteos.ysy

        kchol.yoteos.kshy.yakal.mol

        morl.y.yksy.chol.oteos.shey.oas

        mos.sar.sary.okal.kchol.morl.ane.y.cthal

        pchol.cthoary.mol.sckhea.for

        syakal.oteos.kchey.shey.oteos.yoeachol.orr.lcphealy

      mos.pchol.chol.shey.cthol

      y.chey.morl.kchom.fchol

      cphealy.sckhey.yoteos.ksho.kchey.chal.morl.sacha.chal

      y.okal.mol

        foachd.mol.chal.foachd.chol.koshey.chocthy

        pyaiir.vory.sa.chol.y.san.okoin

        cholr.chayl.kodshey.okan.kchom.okan.morl

        kodshey.okan.loachd.s.chol.koshey.cphealy.cfhol

        eoiin.koshey.mal.koshey.ckheal

        cphy.csha.cfhol.y.sory.chol.chorr.chol

        cphey.cthol.kodshey.cfhol.chhy.okan.ckhys.cchol.ckhealy

        chol.ctheiin.shhol.chl.ckhey.kodshey.oteeos.shey

        schol.kodshey.ckol.cfholm.oodar.ckhealy

      chochy.cfholm.thol.cfhol.y.tshashy.cholr.okain.sckdey

      y.schol.okal.echo.ckol

        pdain.y.oldaind.okain.yoteos.ane.oas.atain.yare

        ksho.cthar.kodshey.chol.ane.ckhyos.oksho.sory.cshar

        ykaiin.ytain.tchoy.yooteos.are.chl.chom

        tchol.kodshy.ykaiin.tchoy.den

        cphealy.y.cthaion.okoin.ane.chol

        tchey.shok.ckhar.she.y

        shody.cchol.cthey.san.kchey

        chl.chol.tchey.sco.shol

        tchey.kchol.shol.cthool.ccphy.sheo.tchoy.sckhea

      chotey.oeachdl.sho.okain.cfhol.shol.sory.ol

      chl.tchoy.y.thol.chol

      dysdyd.pooiin.shoy.chey.sckey.y

      sckhoey

        y.thol.tchoy.kodaiir.cchol.chtol

        todaiir.oyl.thols.tchoy.daiin

        kodaiir.tchol.ddal.chol.todaiir.dal.ckhey

        daiin.okan.todaiir.rshey.shhey.okal.cchol.lodaiir

        tchol.kchol.y.shey.sho.chom

        shctaiin.kodaiir.dan.chtol.csey.y.oeey

        kydshey.todaiir.rshey.lodaiir.koashey.kodaiir.tchay.chol.kchol

        kodaiir.okal.okaon.chol.chdol.vos

        rodaiir.okein.todaiir.tchoy.okan

      yoteos.cfhol.chom.kchy.kshoy.y.sorey.dodaiir.kaiin

      kodaiir.todaiir.cchol.oys.todaiir.chol.okol.y.tchoy

      rshpey.dodaiir.oydaer

        tshoy.kor.sheky.ddan.ltchol

        cthr.tchol.oairin.dan.odaiin

        oteey.sheky.oteos.y.ar.cthy.oldaind.ar.yshey

        chear.ar.stshoy.far.kodaiirl.y

        okal.ckholdar.cthes.chey.ctholdar.sheky.ltchol.etol

        dar.yar.dar.yokain.ocy.chor.cphey.ldaiir.sse

        kaiir.she.tchoy.oky.kodaiin.ckholdar.choal

        shey.toyl.far.cshar.dar.yshey.oeey.ctholdar

        ccholdar.soyl.chodan.dory.cshar.shey.oky.kodaiir

      oldaiind.kodaiin.ohkan.cfhol.y.shey.ckholdar.thal

      tchay.lodaiir.chey

        chorl.chokey.ckholdar.y.fsory.cphey

        chol.ckholdar.chol.ctho.cfholdar

        ar.ctholdar.chokey.fsorsy.cthory.cphey.ctholdar.cfholdar

        cthar.air.ctho.chotey.ckholdar.y.farr.cfholdar

        chotey.chor.ctholdar.cfhaiin.she

        choty.chokey.ccholdar.oiey.cksholdar

        chaiin.soaiin.cchol.ccholdar.csholdar.tchey.tolaiir.oteey.tolaiir

        air.fsorsy.ccholdyr.chokey.csholdar.farr.cshpoldar.chear

        chokey.shey.todaiir.ctholdar.shol

      chokey.shctaii.eokal.okal.cthyl.oiky.orr.dil

      y.tachys.chotey.shctaiin.tsholdar.tolaiir.csokey.oiky

      y.todaiir.oyteey.oitchol.pdaiir.lodaii.okaiir.yas

        ytain.shey.cshpoldar.oadar.ctholda.oadar.syey.oldaindd.csholdar

        chokey.tshoeesy.cchodyr.o.shody.she.otol.chey.kdchom

        syey.os.okan.y.todaeir.sckhay.choal.tolaiir.todair

        oadar.tshoeesy.sheo.ikan.shoy.oadar.csholdar.yar

        sheo.todaiir.cfhaiin.csholdar.shey.os.choteoy

        foadar.ysheiy.oykchey.y.cthal.odaiir.shodasy.oos

        oadar.ccholdar.aim.eoykchey.kaiid.cth.foadar.cphy.chokeiy

        shoy.sher.cfhol.esorsy.shokey.keeay.shok.cthaiin.chotey

        ccholdyr.ckshoaldar.tshoeey.oldaid.cksholdar.y

      cthal.cksholdar.fsorsy.chey.cksholdar.y.cthol.ckho

      cphyar.chotey.ccholdar.esorsy

        pchey.cthesaiin.keeay.atchey.ctholdar.keeay.ccholdar

        koshey.todyaiir.oos.cthyl.chtor

        ctholdar.cfholdar.cphesaiin.cscholdar.shodasy.ckholdar.kodchey

        s.todaiir.ychey.sheay.ctholdar.chorl.keey.csholdar.kyshey

        keey.cshpodar.sheay.s.ckholdar.keeay

        todaeir.ckholdar.ccholdyr.chey.rkho.chey

        keeay.yto.tedyaiir.keeay.ctholdar.y.odaiin.ctholdar

        ccholdar.shaiin.dair.keed.csholdar.cthal.cthol.y.csholdar

        ccholdyr.keey.csholdar.ctholda.cctholdar

      chdy.cctholdar.eoykchey.cksholdar.keer

      ctholdar.keey.oydar.tsholdan.cscholdar.cctholdar.cscholdar

      shoy.voos.okan.tsholdar.csholdar

      garr

        pchear.fol.y.forsy.daiin.oldaids.or.chear

        chor.lor.atchey.lsa.ckhey.lsa.sher.tshoeesy.ctholdy

        oor.scholdar.shier.ldsa.or.y.oor

        pchear.os.keey.kor.shier.kor.ckhyr.or

        csholdar.oldaid.cthal.oir.esorsy.ataiin.ckhar

        oes.oykschey.daiiin.ckhey.ldsa.y.shyeo.oador.eor

        daiin.okain.shiy.cscholdar.ksa.ckhar

        lksholdar.shiy.air.y.orr.cthildar

        chy.or.otod.cthar.yad.eor.cthoddar.rcy

      oer.cchosdar.or.ckhar.shii.ckhyr.ckhar

      y.cphoy.tar.otchoyl.seay

      ykaien.oir.lor.cthar.kor

        y.chor.todaiir.todyaiir.chotey.chodain.tshoeesy.ckher.todaeir

        ccholdar.eor.choty.shoy.choty.todaiir.vokaiir

        daiin.oteom.rchy.chdy.tshodeesy.keed

        todaiir.sher.chdaiin.chodain.ckeor

        todaiir.dydy.podaeir.todaeir.tshodeesy.chesaiin

        chodaiin.shey.tshoeesy.otairin.ckshey.tshoeesy.shoy.todaeir.kodaeir

        kchodain.tshodeesy.chdaiin.ckeor.oesa.kchodain.chodaiin.ar

        kchoain.chesaiin.oeso.rolosy.dydyd.kchodain.todaiir.podaer.dydy

        shop.ckhar.lshoy.y.kodaeir.vokaiir.lchoain.ckhar.y

      podaeir.keeay.chol.chodain.daiin.sher

      oesa.eoykchey.chodain.chodaiin.keeay.atchiy.shed

      y.osn.tsholdyan.chodain.fchodain.sho

        pchom.y.ckhaer.pchom.sshe.syaoir.chol

        odaiin.shol.eodshey.daicth.ckhaer.kaoiin.todeir

        ar.shodain.todaeeir.ar.ear.codaiin.ctholdar

        ckhar.shop.keody.shos.raiin.choity.keyd

        y.cseor.sshol.oor.chor.aiiin.shos.kaiin.shol

        cphar.shiy.far.y.shop.ydain.shos.dteom.todyaiir

        raiin.shol.keed.kodaiin.todaeir.shaii.ldsy.ckhar

        teed.y.cphy.oteom.cthar.dcfhol.todaeir.sa

        daiid.shpar.ochodain.dteom.dchaiin.chor

      oir.ckhar.todaeeir.chodaiin.todaiir.codaiin.teed

      dchaien.ar.y.shos.pshol

        toqol.pchoom.chey.chal.shodai.y.todyaiir.ar

        todaiin.rseor.shol.chee.oydain.cseor.diicth.tshodeesy.cthal

        shoy.doir.y.ytoe.keody.tydyaiir

        modaeir.tshodeesy.todaiin.chal.todyaiir.lcthol.sorys

        gaiin.dlocta.sain.chol.kodaiin.cthey.podaeir

        tshoeesy.dchaiind.chaoity.tshoeesy.kodaeir.chosain.ckhyds.tshodeesy.lchoain

        todaeir.chee.qydyaiir.raiin.chey.kodaiin.fodaiin.ckhe

        ddain.cthyd.tshoeesy.fodaiin.fshodeesy

        kseor.diicth.todaeir.fshodeesy.cthe

      tsoeesy.cphy.lshoy.fodaiin.ochodain

      sshol.oydain.y.codaiin.ctha.tshodeesy.odaiin

      pdoir.ckhey.kodaeir.oir.teody

        pshaiiram.cthyds.dain.cphoe.roo.rshaiiram.ar

        ykaein.kodshey.cphoe.ar.todyaiir.oes.far

        par.ypheey.yoiin.shol.tar

        dain.shoy.ckheo.par.moshey.ar

        pooiin.par.tar.pshol.air.gar.ar.sshos.or

        ear.or.shem.ar.shok.eshodeesy.dar

        tshodeesy.otol.ear.oar.rko.shotcheey

        kshy.dar.dain.ar.sshod.yar.oar.soo.dair

        ar.dair.dar.kodaiin.por.oteor.ar.arl.kshy

      dchain.oteor.air.ltha.cothal

      or.dlcta.dar.ckyeor.oar.or.kyor.shey

      oteas.oteor.cteody.dar.yar

        ro.ar.fodaii.kor.ar

        todaeir.ro.tar.yaiir.par

        ar.oir.tar.yar.kseorg.far.roo

        rko.far.sor.par.dar.oar.rot

        ear.yer.yar.ar.oydar.kseor.cpheay

        rko.kseyr.arr.kseor.ar

        oloty.ar.ckyeor.dos.ddaon.shokcheey.ro

        kseor.ter.ro.arr.ro.okol.s

        cphy.poer.chal.roo.ar

      cthal.oydaen.drocta.daicthy.are

      teeo.ar.chor.ar.alr.daiin.koidaiin.ctar

      tdshodeesy.ro.arg.arr.todyaiid

      cpshoy.alr.cpshy

        cthol.ckheay.soryl.shear.lsshos.orl.air

        are.s.oteal.ar.ctoldar

        shey.soryl.rco.ar.or.chey

        okan.s.ar.chear.tar.doiin.kaos.sory.ear

        oar.arl.todyaiir.air.shosm.orl

        ckyeor.shoy.ar.scthy.s.ykaiis.eor.todaeir.fachs

        shokchee.par.ear.chear.cheam

        cheyr.psheol.shokcheey.ar.shaiis.arl.shey.daiin.oor

        are.yol.air.ckeor.or.ear.air.s.are

      chal.chol.ar.ard.shosm.par

      shos.shkhey.ar.chey.odaiin.s.ar

        oaiir.cphoy.dpaiin.shos.cfyeor.ckhey.y

        shodaein.cphey.okaiir.cphey.ore.oikol

        ore.shodaein.deey.dyain.ikol.fachys.ikol.oikol.sorsy

        cfyeor.ro.oikol.ckhey.ikol

        ctheey.cphey.ard.fachr.oaiir

        rko.eadr.shodain.ard.daion

        par.okyeor.y.oteol.voo.cfyeor.chocfhy.cthey

        sorsy.okchey.arg.tshodeesy.alre

        par.kshol.fachs.or.far.oikol

      ckyeor.shodain.cphey.y.oikool.shoain.deey.ar.daycthy

      daiin.y.cpar.oar.tar.ard.yko.or

      oikool.are.kseoorg.odaiin.oikoolm.kshol.fachr

      okol.kshol.kar.oyr.ksholg

      oteol.ar

        pshochor.arl.ckeyr.y.cthal.cthy.chol

        amd.shodoary.ord.rcthey.ctdol.oikool

        shochor.lpho.shol.ccphey.shosh.tshoadeesy.oikyl.cthal

        ctoldar.chor.oteal.pshochor.shachor

        pshochor.shachor.s.oikol.shochor.faechr.cfhol.cthy

        cphea.shachor.deiin.cphea.shochor.cthol.shey

        scfhol.pshochor.y.shochor.oikoolm.lshochor.soryl.shochon.cthol

        cfachs.cphey.shhochon.shachor.shiis.shshy.shoshy.shochor

        okay.cphea.sorl.s.ckyeoor.cthol.sorl.dyain.cthey

      cphey.dpaii.ohkool.rco.shok.dyain

      chol.shochor

        teoch.chopey.dal.shear.shykcheey.chear

        ar.rko.chol.doar.shear.oar.kaiin.cphoy

        yar.daycthy.mokol.ckham.oar.chear

        ctdol.ksholy.cphey.yar.rko.okol.ar.shodeain

        chotey.cthes.par.tyeody.daiim.oar.ytchol.cteol

        yar.cher.y.ykaiin.shodain.dpchar

        tar.kar.yar.par.choty.ldor.ohkool.dchar

        orsho.ar.yaor.kar.kedey.ksoly

        oar.lshoadeesy.shom.dpar.chol.tchey

      soly.shodeain.shodain.sckhey.oar

      chear.rko.yar.kar.shodain

      paii.oikoal.tchey.sar.ar

      yfor.oaor.y.lshachor.are.sa

      kedey.y.sa

        dpad.shosho.shachor.yshey.chodain.shey

        chodaiin.kar.chodaiin.cthol.foldain.cfhol.cthol

        s.shochar.cheyar.cheo.chol.ctdom

        cthal.echol.cfhol.osaiin.loar.lyeody.echol.cpholdar.chotay

        pyr.cfhol.chorain.chodaen.cthey.cfachg.shory.ycher.cthol

        dpad.chodain.chocthy.s.dchad.chal.shol

        dpar.shold.echol.chodai.dan.cthol

        ckhey.y.chodain.cthey.shoil

        kedey.ydr.cfhol.kashey.dpar.chal.cfhlol.dpad.cthar

      ytchold.shol.yedey.cthey.choil.ckhey.chhol.cfhol.eoteal

      otaiin.sheyr.yfo.kaiinm.shochon.cfhom.cchol

        tshodees.cthey.shok.foldain.deoch.cthey.tyeody.shok

        shoaiin.pshol.shok.s.kashey.ysheay.chey.chal.far

        year.okeor.cchol.chey.sar.ysheay.or.sar

        loar.shol.chey.saor.or

        tyeody.oly.shaiin.shol.s.or.shok.ycher.ooiid

        cphey.kshoaly.choctha.sar.yedr.ychho.cpholdar

        cthey.chhol.shoaiin.cthes.chey.echold.oychho.shok

        ryaiir.choctha.shok.kaiin.sqochar.tchey.choty

        dain.olr.ar.ckhey.ylr

      chhol.shoil.ydr.daiin.shol

      lshoadeey.cpholdar.sheodain.ar.chadaiin.shok

      cphlar.ckhey.schey.ckhey.or.ooiin.lshoadeesy

Screenshot of the generator

generator screenshot.png (Size: 375.28 KB / Downloads: 129)

ch and sh as dual-function elements

Wed, 13 May 2026 21:20:16 +0000

Working on the recipe section (folios 103r–116r), we found that ch and sh appear to carry two independent signals simultaneously.
The first is paragraph-level structure. A logistic regression using ch/sh-based features predicts tail vs no-tail paragraphs at balanced accuracy 86%, confirmed by within-folio permutation testing.

The second is folio-level language. The ratio of (ch sh)o-type words predicts which Currier language a folio belongs to with ~99% accuracy manuscriptwide, even though all recipe folios are Currier B. The cho/che balance appears to encode a stable folio-level property operating above the paragraph.

The key thing is that these two signals are orthogonal.

The Voynich as a rhythmic structure and height distribution in the Voynicl hypothesis

Mon, 11 May 2026 16:35:46 +0000

Hello everyone.

Today I’d like to share one of my ideas about the Voynich script. Remembering my last experience here with you, I decided to approach it through a calligraphic analysis of the text, using an Excel spreadsheet.
After studying many EVA transcriptions and different interpretations of the Voynich manuscript, especially the work of Stephen Bax, I looked into phonetic studies and the attempts to match glyphs with specific sounds. In my opinion, those correspondences often seem sporadic and subjective. I also explored the idea of Gregorian chants derived from the manuscript.
The Voynich text has a remarkable lexical redundancy. With very few glyphs, a massive text was written, yet many pages almost feel like obsessive repetitions of nearly identical words. It gives the impression of something chant-like, melodic, repetitive — almost like a litany, a prayer, or something similar.
This aspect really caught my attention. How is it possible to generate a fully coherent text with so few letters?
I rule out the hypothesis that it was simply a fake or meaningless text created only for profit.
This is where medieval Gregorian chant comes into play. The Voynich text seems to share several similarities with it. For example, medieval Gregorian notation used four lines in the tetragram and only a few note heights. The notes, often written in square form and called neumes, were used to identify syllables. They could appear in different forms that modified pronunciation.
What interests me most is the number of lines and how, with only a few notes, an entire text could be written.
There are also compound neumes like podatus, clivis, torculus, and porrectus — groups of notes forming a single syllable — as well as simple neumes like punctum and virga, where a single note represents one syllable.
If we compare this idea with the Voynich text, the compound neumes could resemble compound glyphs such as ch, sh, ckh, cfh, cph, or cth.

Example of a neume with square annotations

  Alleluia_Vigilia_Nativitatis.png (Size: 3.73 KB / Downloads: 327)

While studying the Voynich script, what immediately stood out to me was the visual shape of the glyphs themselves. They reminded me of medieval Gregorian notation.
At that point, I started analyzing the glyphs and their heights, arranging them into a kind of scale. Of course, the text is written in cursive, so it isn’t as regular as Gregorian notes, but I tried to estimate the heights and see if this perspective could reveal something interesting.

  Screenshot 2026-05-11 182605.png (Size: 5.27 KB / Downloads: 325)

Please ignore the heights marked with a “+” sign, which I used for compound glyphs with ligatures or connected forms. In Excel I couldn’t make the calculations work correctly with the “+” signs, so I had to leave them out. I suspect those glyphs may represent something additional compared to the others, but for now I don’t want to push the theory too far.
Now I’ll explain exactly what I did.
I took the manuscript and assigned heights to the glyphs: A high, M medium, B low, C short.

  6645.jpg (Size: 96.35 KB / Downloads: 326)

This is how I categorized the glyph heights.
I should point out again that the Voynich text is written in cursive. Someone might notice, for example, that in the word “ykal” I classified the glyph “l” as C, even though visually it could seem closer to B. But after checking most instances of that glyph, I noticed that, like the “y” glyph, part of it often extends below the line. In other cases, the “y” glyph appears shorter than expected.
Since I obviously cannot manually retranscribe the entire manuscript using these rules, I decided to catalog the glyphs this way and use the full EVA transcription by Takeshi, despite the errors I found in it. That’s another discussion entirely. What matters here are the calculations I’m about to explain. A few errors are acceptable

Method

What I did was import the entire EVA transcription of the manuscript into an Excel file:
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After that, I needed a way to understand whether this method could reveal any interesting patterns in the text. For example, I wanted to measure how frequently glyph heights changed across entire pages, to see whether there was some regularity or complete chaos — in other words, whether the glyph heights had meaning or were simply decorative or random.

Procedure

I took each EVA page and arranged it line by line into columns.

Then I created a formula that transformed the entire text into the height categories I had chosen, returning each line as a sequence of height letters.
After that, I created additional columns containing the number of A, M, B, and C heights, so I could count how often each height appeared on every line.
I also created another column to calculate the Runs for each line. By “Runs,” I mean the number of transitions from one height to another between consecutive letters.
Then I created another column for the average Runs per page, combining all the extracted data. This was the result I was most interested in: the average Runs.
I also generated columns showing the percentage distribution of each height on every page, to see how much the patterns changed from one page to another.
I even tried to create a column for entropy calculations, but I couldn’t manage to make it work.

  Screenshot 2026-05-11 174724.jpg (Size: 306.19 KB / Downloads: 326)

The Excel file I generated contains all these results. At the bottom right there are the average Runs for each page. In the center there are the percentages of each height category across the entire page. On the left side, I also made a comparison using a Gregorian chant. I took the notes written on four lines and converted them into my height categories. I wasn’t interested in identifying the actual notes themselves — I simply took them in sequence. As you can see, the distribution is very balanced, and the average Runs are surprisingly close to those found in the Voynich manuscript. It is impossible to get similar results with a natural language text, even with stylized texts that visually resemble Voynich. Those tend to produce much more chaotic and irregular patterns. Going back to the Voynich data: if you look at the average Runs on each page, they are all remarkably similar. The percentages of the different height categories also remain very consistent from page to page.

Conclusion

In my opinion, these results suggest that the glyph heights are not random, and that the encoding method could perhaps be related in some way to medieval Gregorian chant notation — though I can’t say exactly how. Still, these are the patterns I found. I’d love to hear your thoughts.

[split] What can the structural peculiarities of the VMS tell us about the nature of the underlying text

Wed, 06 May 2026 05:19:36 +0000

I mean, based on the research conducted so far, we can narrow down the possibilities to four points.

1. A rare ancient language phonetical or real
Stolfi’s theory that it is an Asian language. Or it could be a very rare dialect that no one speaks or know anymore (I’m not allowed to say here which one that might be ).

2. It is a made-up language, see Hildegard von Bingen.

3. It is a complex, section-dependent generator that would be completely anachronistic for its time (whether it’s a hoax or not doesn’t even matter here).

4. It is a nomenclature system with lists switched by f.e. line-start markers, and the lists no longer exist.

Except for Stolfi’s approach and possibly easier Genereators of option 3, none of these possibilities can be solved even with AI or a quantum computer. That is because this is not a problem of computing power or artificial intelligence.

Origin of the EVA '"l" Glyph

Mon, 04 May 2026 20:37:54 +0000

This thread on the unknown origin of the EVA "l" glyph l starts with You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view..