RE: Character entropy of Voynichese - -JKP- - 06-11-2016
(06-11-2016, 12:13 PM)Sam G Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (02-11-2016, 09:14 PM)Anton Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.Only one section is dedicated to the VMS - that is, the last section 4.22 of the chapter. It is only nine page long, with one page dedicated to problems for students and two pages - to scans of two folios of the VMS. That is not what I expected from what I read about this book in the Internet - I expected much more volume to be dedicated to the VMS. However, the actual state of things is reasonable - the whole book is dedicated to solving tasks with computer, so the VMS is just one interesting illustration or application. It is not subject to any dedicated focus neither in the book on the whole , nor even in the chapter 4.
That said, four pages are dedicated to the brief history of the VMS (with focus on the names of Dee and R. Bacon) and the attempts to analyse it (Newbold, Brumbaugh). The names of Yardley, Friedman and Tiltman are mentioned, as well as articles of Oneil (sic!), Friedman and Tiltman.
So only three pages are left for the discussion of the statistical properties of the VMS, which is much less than I expected.
Any chance you could scan these pages (or at least the three most relevant ones) and upload them somewhere? I know they're probably still copyrighted but I think you could call it "fair use".
Sam, for your info... quoting a short paragraph, with attribution, might be considered "fair use" but uploading three out of four pages (a substantial portion of the original) is not.
RE: Character entropy of Voynichese - Anton - 06-11-2016
To be honest, I'm not a big fan of modern capitalist copyright, but at the same time I don't want David to be sued (or otherwise complained with) by Prentice-Hall.
To be honest, again, I bought this book specifically because I could not find it online. As I said above, at Amazon it is currently ridiculously cheap.
I tried to summarize in my post as much as possible, so you can be quite sure that all essential information is there.
RE: Character entropy of Voynichese - Sam G - 06-11-2016
(06-11-2016, 12:27 PM)-JKP- Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. (06-11-2016, 12:13 PM)Sam G Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.Any chance you could scan these pages (or at least the three most relevant ones) and upload them somewhere? I know they're probably still copyrighted but I think you could call it "fair use".
Sam, for your info... quoting a short paragraph, with attribution, might be considered "fair use" but uploading three out of four pages (a substantial portion of the original) is not.
It would be three pages out of the entire book, for a non-commercial purpose, and the material is largely of historical interest and obviously would not be harming sales of the book, which is out of print anyway... I'm not an expert in these matters but I think it would be justified under "fair use".
You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
(06-11-2016, 12:50 PM)Anton Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.I tried to summarize in my post as much as possible, so you can be quite sure that all essential information is there.
Okay, that's fine. I appreciate your summary and realize there's probably nothing there of great importance.
RE: Character entropy of Voynichese - -JKP- - 07-11-2016
(06-11-2016, 12:50 PM)Anton Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.To be honest, I'm not a big fan of modern capitalist copyright, but at the same time I don't want David to be sued (or otherwise complained with) by Prentice-Hall.
...
It seems that many people are not fans of copyright.
I used to be an off-the-shelf software developer. When software piracy became rampant on the Web, I was no longer able to earn a living that way. Millions of copies of my software were online, but no one was paying for it. As a direct consequence of piracy, my income dropped by 99%.
So I switched professions and three years later, people starting pirating that and my income dropped by 90%. I switched professions again and then what I was creating began being pirated also, my income dropped by 93% and once again I had to switch professions.
I respect other people's copyrights. They do not respect mine. That puts me in a rather awkward position and I am really tired of retraining and retooling every three years. Personal feelings, aside, as long as it's the law, it would set a good example for the forum to respect copyrights. Even a book that is out of print may still have content that belongs to someone, or might be re-released at some later date.
Fair use usually only applies to a paragraph or two, not usually to several pages.
What Google Books does has already been challenged in court and they were told not to show so much of the books. They reduced the content for a while and then began increasing it again, in flagrant violation of the law. Pinterest also flaunts the law. It was supposed to be only thumbnails, but the images, which do not belong to them, are getting bigger and bigger again, and they now force you to sign up before you can click through to the original content. Google (which probably holds shares in Pinterest) also uses Pinterest to index images, instead of leading directly to the original sites, which deprives the original content creators of their Google positions.
All this "free" content has consequences. Those who create the content don't get compensated and when you don't get compensated jobs disappear and you can't pay the bills.
Sorry, I just realized this is off-topic but I don't particularly want to start a thread on this either because it's a topic that tends to get hammered to death.
I am very interested in the entropy discussions and have been working on a blog about it for some time. I don't know if I can clean up the wording and pictures quickly enough to post it this weekend, but I'll try to get it posted soon.
RE: Character entropy of Voynichese - Koen G - 07-11-2016
JKP: looking forward to your post!
RE: Character entropy of Voynichese - Anton - 07-11-2016
As a sidenote, all problems with the modern copyright model are because it is not in concordance with the modern technological foundations of our society. To try to enforce copyright in our days is much like trying to force folks to ride horses when there are autos for more than a century there. New society needs new models.
But copyright issues are of course off-topic in this thread, so anyone interested in this discussion please open a separate thread.
Returning to the book, I checked the concept of "fair use" in the US law (which is the place of copyright of this book) and there is the concept of the "research" purposes, and also it matters whether the reproduction of the copyrighted material does influence the market value or does not. In this case the book is long out of print, and the content (teaching people to use BASIC) is obsolete, and the prices at Amazon speak for themselves. So in my understanding taking photos of three pages and sending them in private for research purposes does fall unto the "fair use". But to avoid any mischief, it is common in science and engineering to just procure permissions for reproduction from the copyright holders.
RE: Character entropy of Voynichese - davidjackson - 10-11-2016
Quote: To be honest, I'm not a big fan of modern capitalist copyright, but at the same time I don't want David to be sued (or otherwise complained with) by Prentice-Hall.
Most considerate of you Anton! 
Although I should say that anyone wanting to pass around pirated copies of things should setup a dropbox, they'll be deleted if posted on here.
But let's stick to the topic, we seem to have gone off-piste again.
RE: Character entropy of Voynichese - Anton - 10-11-2016
I'm heading to checking Bennett's results, brand new transcription of You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. already done... nine pages remain. 
RE: Character entropy of Voynichese - Anton - 05-01-2017
....While my plans to check Bennett's calculations are, as we Russians say, put off to the long box (~ dallied off), I decided to explore a simple example of a cipher of my own invention which decreases character entropy, as an illustration.
For plain text, I took the beginning of my entropy tutorial (draft). To keep the matters simple, I excluded numeration of sections, converted the rest of the numbers to words, excluded punctuation and hyphens. Thus I am left with 26 English letters, plus spaces and apostrophes - 28 characters in total. Also, there are no line breaks for simplicity. The upper/lower case is there, but it is not taken into account.
The raw text is here:
Code: The concept of entropy in science The notion of entropy is used for various applications in different fields of science most notably in physics and in information theory All those entropies are totally different things having different definitions and applied to different phenomena They are united however not only by the common name but also by the general high level philosophical understanding of entropy as measure of diversity or disorder The higher the entropy of something the more diverse or less ordered is that something However we do not need to consider multiple applications and will be limited to the field of information theory Entropy in information theory is closely related to the notion of information Hence it is important to understand the latter But in turn the concept of information is closely tied to the notion of probability So the first thing we need is to have the basic understanding of probability The basics of probability Events and probability Probability is one of the basic and most important notions in science and thus approaches to its formal definition are various Luckily for the purposes of this tutorial we don’t need to introduce formal definitions of probability it is sufficient just to understand what it is about The existence of our world means that various events do occur No matter what is the event events always occur in certain environments An environment is essentially just a set of certain conditions In a given environment an event may or may not occur or different events may occur One of the favorite examples in one’s explanation of probability is throwing dice Let’s also take that for illustration In this example the environment would be beside the very procedure that the die is to be rolled the set of circumstances in which the throwing takes place First there is a die with six faces each having one of the numbers from one to six associated with it Next there is the place where the die is thrown perhaps a table in a room Last there is the person who throws the die The events that we consider in this example are the numbers got when the die is rolled It is important to always remember that the environment may influence the outcome For instance if the die is manufactured in some nonsymmetrical way this of course would influence the outcome Likewise the outcome may depend on any specific careful way in which the person throws the die And so on For this our example we will assume that the environment does not make any of the possible outcomes more likely to occur than the others although in most other scenarios this is not the case However it is evident that the environment always places constraints on what events are possible and what are not Exempli gratia in the described environment it is impossible to get the outcome of seven simply because there is no such number on the die If there were such number in other words if the die was different this outcome would have been possible but that means another environment Now in a given environment three types of events may be considered First one can imagine events that never occur Such events are called impossible As already suggested the outcome of seven is an example of such event Second there may be events which always occur Such events are called certain An example of such would be the event described as outcome of any number in the range of one to six Throwing the die you always get a number from one to six so that event is just certain to occur Third there may be events which may or may not occur Such events are called stochastic which essentially means that they are governed by chance An example is the outcome of a particular number exempli gratia number three It is worth noting that the problem of what is chance versus necessity and how it is related to cause and effect is an important issue in philosophy For our purposes we can consider chance as something not exactly predictable from the environment as we know it In our example one cannot exactly predict the outcome of each throw one can only guess or make prognoses with more or less confidence In the case with the die there is ultimately no uncertainty its motion is governed by laws of mechanics only it’s just really hard to trace and the initial conditions of the throw differ each time There may be cases though where there is inherent uncertainty But in either case for an external observer each new outcome is not deterministic Now probability in its real world sense of the word is essentially the measure of certainty of an event to occur The probability of a certain event is unity The probability of an impossible event is zero The probability of a stochastic event is somewhere between zero and unity the greater the probability the more likely is the event to occur
We see that for the plain text the figure is 4.07.
Now on to encryption. First of all, spaces are left as they are for simplicity. Now let's take a radical step towards lowering entropy. Each letter is encoded as a number, beginning with 1, so A = 1, Z = 26, and apostrophe = 27. Since we may have, say "BA" as well as "U" in the plain text, we need some means to distinguish between "21" and "21" in the encrypted text. In the former case it is the sequence of numbers 2 and 1, while in the latter case it is a single number 21. So, for teens and beyond, a dot is introduced in between to mark that the pair comprises a single number, and not a sequence of two numbers. Thus, "BA" would be "21", while "U" would be "2.1". Note that we don't need the dot in "10" and "20", since there are no standalone zeros - if a zero is encountered, it is only as element of "ten" or "twenty". Since we don't have anything like thirty and beyond, it is easy to distinguish that, say, "53" is simply "EC".
The result of the encryption is as follows:
Code: 2085 31.51.4351.620 1.56 51.4201.81.51.62.5 91.4 1.93951.435 2085 1.41.52091.51.4 1.56 51.4201.81.51.62.5 91.9 2.11.954 61.51.8 2.211.891.52.11.9 11.61.61.29312091.51.41.9 91.4 496651.851.420 6951.241.9 1.56 1.93951.435 1.31.51.920 1.41.520121.22.5 91.4 1.682.51.9931.9 11.44 91.4 91.461.51.81.312091.51.4 20851.51.82.5 11.21.2 2081.51.95 51.4201.81.51.6951.9 11.85 201.52011.21.22.5 496651.851.420 20891.471.9 812.291.47 496651.851.420 45691.492091.51.41.9 11.44 11.61.61.2954 201.5 496651.851.420 1.6851.41.51.351.41 20852.5 11.85 2.11.492054 81.52.352.251.8 1.41.520 1.51.41.22.5 22.5 2085 31.51.31.31.51.4 1.411.35 22.120 11.21.91.5 22.5 2085 751.451.811.2 8978 1.252.251.2 1.6891.21.51.91.51.689311.2 2.11.4451.81.92011.4491.47 1.56 51.4201.81.51.62.5 11.9 1.3511.92.11.85 1.56 492.251.81.99202.5 1.51.8 491.91.51.8451.8 2085 897851.8 2085 51.4201.81.51.62.5 1.56 1.91.51.3520891.47 2085 1.31.51.85 492.251.81.95 1.51.8 1.251.91.9 1.51.8451.854 91.9 208120 1.91.51.3520891.47 81.52.352.251.8 2.35 41.5 1.41.520 1.4554 201.5 31.51.41.99451.8 1.32.11.22091.61.25 11.61.61.29312091.51.41.9 11.44 2.391.21.2 25 1.291.392054 201.5 2085 6951.24 1.56 91.461.51.81.312091.51.4 20851.51.82.5 51.4201.81.51.62.5 91.4 91.461.51.81.312091.51.4 20851.51.82.5 91.9 31.21.51.951.22.5 1.851.212054 201.5 2085 1.41.52091.51.4 1.56 91.461.51.81.312091.51.4 851.435 920 91.9 91.31.61.51.82011.420 201.5 2.11.4451.81.92011.44 2085 1.21202051.8 22.120 91.4 202.11.81.4 2085 31.51.4351.620 1.56 91.461.51.81.312091.51.4 91.9 31.21.51.951.22.5 20954 201.5 2085 1.41.52091.51.4 1.56 1.61.81.521291.29202.5 1.91.5 2085 691.81.920 20891.47 2.35 1.4554 91.9 201.5 812.25 2085 211.993 2.11.4451.81.92011.4491.47 1.56 1.61.81.521291.29202.5 2085 211.9931.9 1.56 1.61.81.521291.29202.5 52.251.4201.9 11.44 1.61.81.521291.29202.5 1.61.81.521291.29202.5 91.9 1.51.45 1.56 2085 211.993 11.44 1.31.51.920 91.31.61.51.82011.420 1.41.52091.51.41.9 91.4 1.93951.435 11.44 2082.11.9 11.61.61.81.513851.9 201.5 9201.9 61.51.81.311.2 45691.492091.51.4 11.85 2.211.891.52.11.9 1.22.131.191.22.5 61.51.8 2085 1.62.11.81.61.51.951.9 1.56 20891.9 202.1201.51.8911.2 2.35 41.51.42.720 1.4554 201.5 91.4201.81.542.135 61.51.81.311.2 45691.492091.51.41.9 1.56 1.61.81.521291.29202.5 920 91.9 1.92.16693951.420 102.11.920 201.5 2.11.4451.81.92011.44 2.38120 920 91.9 121.52.120 2085 52.491.92051.435 1.56 1.52.11.8 2.31.51.81.24 1.3511.41.9 208120 2.211.891.52.11.9 52.251.4201.9 41.5 1.5332.11.8 1.41.5 1.31202051.8 2.38120 91.9 2085 52.251.420 52.251.4201.9 11.22.312.51.9 1.5332.11.8 91.4 351.820191.4 51.42.291.81.51.41.351.4201.9 11.4 51.42.291.81.51.41.351.420 91.9 51.91.951.420911.21.22.5 102.11.920 1 1.9520 1.56 351.820191.4 31.51.4492091.51.41.9 91.4 1 792.251.4 51.42.291.81.51.41.351.420 11.4 52.251.420 1.312.5 1.51.8 1.312.5 1.41.520 1.5332.11.8 1.51.8 496651.851.420 52.251.4201.9 1.312.5 1.5332.11.8 1.51.45 1.56 2085 612.21.51.89205 52.411.31.61.251.9 91.4 1.51.452.71.9 52.41.61.211.412091.51.4 1.56 1.61.81.521291.29202.5 91.9 2081.81.52.391.47 4935 1.25202.71.9 11.21.91.5 2011.15 208120 61.51.8 91.21.22.11.9201.812091.51.4 91.4 20891.9 52.411.31.61.25 2085 51.42.291.81.51.41.351.420 2.31.52.11.24 25 251.9945 2085 2.251.82.5 1.61.81.53542.11.85 208120 2085 495 91.9 201.5 25 1.81.51.21.254 2085 1.9520 1.56 391.832.11.31.92011.4351.9 91.4 2.38938 2085 2081.81.52.391.47 2011.151.9 1.61.2135 691.81.920 20851.85 91.9 1 495 2.39208 1.992.4 61351.9 5138 812.291.47 1.51.45 1.56 2085 1.42.11.3251.81.9 61.81.51.3 1.51.45 201.5 1.992.4 11.91.91.53912054 2.39208 920 1.452.420 20851.85 91.9 2085 1.61.2135 2.3851.85 2085 495 91.9 2081.81.52.31.4 1.651.8811.61.9 1 20121.25 91.4 1 1.81.51.51.3 1.211.920 20851.85 91.9 2085 1.651.81.91.51.4 2.381.5 2081.81.52.31.9 2085 495 2085 52.251.4201.9 208120 2.35 31.51.41.99451.8 91.4 20891.9 52.411.31.61.25 11.85 2085 1.42.11.3251.81.9 71.520 2.3851.4 2085 495 91.9 1.81.51.21.254 920 91.9 91.31.61.51.82011.420 201.5 11.22.312.51.9 1.851.351.3251.8 208120 2085 51.42.291.81.51.41.351.420 1.312.5 91.461.22.151.435 2085 1.52.12031.51.35 61.51.8 91.41.92011.435 96 2085 495 91.9 1.311.42.1613202.11.854 91.4 1.91.51.35 1.41.51.41.92.51.31.35201.89311.2 2.312.5 20891.9 1.56 31.52.11.81.95 2.31.52.11.24 91.461.22.151.435 2085 1.52.12031.51.35 1.291.152.391.95 2085 1.52.12031.51.35 1.312.5 451.651.44 1.51.4 11.42.5 1.91.6539693 311.8562.11.2 2.312.5 91.4 2.38938 2085 1.651.81.91.51.4 2081.81.52.31.9 2085 495 11.44 1.91.5 1.51.4 61.51.8 20891.9 1.52.11.8 52.411.31.61.25 2.35 2.391.21.2 11.91.92.11.35 208120 2085 51.42.291.81.51.41.351.420 41.551.9 1.41.520 1.311.15 11.42.5 1.56 2085 1.61.51.91.9921.25 1.52.12031.51.351.9 1.31.51.85 1.291.151.22.5 201.5 1.5332.11.8 20811.4 2085 1.520851.81.9 11.22081.52.178 91.4 1.31.51.920 1.520851.8 1.9351.411.891.51.9 20891.9 91.9 1.41.520 2085 311.95 81.52.352.251.8 920 91.9 52.29451.420 208120 2085 51.42.291.81.51.41.351.420 11.22.312.51.9 1.61.21351.9 31.51.41.9201.8191.4201.9 1.51.4 2.38120 52.251.4201.9 11.85 1.61.51.91.9921.25 11.44 2.38120 11.85 1.41.520 52.451.31.61.29 71.812091 91.4 2085 451.931.89254 51.42.291.81.51.41.351.420 920 91.9 91.31.61.51.91.9921.25 201.5 7520 2085 1.52.12031.51.35 1.56 1.952.251.4 1.991.31.61.22.5 25312.11.95 20851.85 91.9 1.41.5 1.92.138 1.42.11.3251.8 1.51.4 2085 495 96 20851.85 2.351.85 1.92.138 1.42.11.3251.8 91.4 1.520851.8 2.31.51.841.9 96 2085 495 2.311.9 496651.851.420 20891.9 1.52.12031.51.35 2.31.52.11.24 812.25 2551.4 1.61.51.91.9921.25 22.120 208120 1.3511.41.9 11.41.520851.8 51.42.291.81.51.41.351.420 1.41.52.3 91.4 1 792.251.4 51.42.291.81.51.41.351.420 2081.855 202.51.651.9 1.56 52.251.4201.9 1.312.5 25 31.51.41.99451.854 691.81.920 1.51.45 311.4 91.31791.45 52.251.4201.9 208120 1.452.251.8 1.5332.11.8 1.92.138 52.251.4201.9 11.85 311.21.254 91.31.61.51.91.9921.25 11.9 11.21.85142.5 1.92.17751.92054 2085 1.52.12031.51.35 1.56 1.952.251.4 91.9 11.4 52.411.31.61.25 1.56 1.92.138 52.251.420 1.9531.51.44 20851.85 1.312.5 25 52.251.4201.9 2.38938 11.22.312.51.9 1.5332.11.8 1.92.138 52.251.4201.9 11.85 311.21.254 351.820191.4 11.4 52.411.31.61.25 1.56 1.92.138 2.31.52.11.24 25 2085 52.251.420 451.931.89254 11.9 1.52.12031.51.35 1.56 11.42.5 1.42.11.3251.8 91.4 2085 1.811.475 1.56 1.51.45 201.5 1.992.4 2081.81.52.391.47 2085 495 2.51.52.1 11.22.312.51.9 7520 1 1.42.11.3251.8 61.81.51.3 1.51.45 201.5 1.992.4 1.91.5 208120 52.251.420 91.9 102.11.920 351.820191.4 201.5 1.5332.11.8 20891.84 20851.85 1.312.5 25 52.251.4201.9 2.38938 1.312.5 1.51.8 1.312.5 1.41.520 1.5332.11.8 1.92.138 52.251.4201.9 11.85 311.21.254 1.9201.53811.92093 2.38938 51.91.951.420911.21.22.5 1.3511.41.9 208120 20852.5 11.85 71.52.251.81.454 22.5 3811.435 11.4 52.411.31.61.25 91.9 2085 1.52.12031.51.35 1.56 1 1.611.820932.11.211.8 1.42.11.3251.8 52.451.31.61.29 71.812091 1.42.11.3251.8 2081.855 920 91.9 2.31.51.8208 1.41.52091.47 208120 2085 1.61.81.521.251.3 1.56 2.38120 91.9 3811.435 2.251.81.92.11.9 1.45351.91.99202.5 11.44 81.52.3 920 91.9 1.851.212054 201.5 312.11.95 11.44 5665320 91.9 11.4 91.31.61.51.82011.420 91.91.92.15 91.4 1.6891.21.51.91.51.682.5 61.51.8 1.52.11.8 1.62.11.81.61.51.951.9 2.35 311.4 31.51.41.99451.8 3811.435 11.9 1.91.51.3520891.47 1.41.520 52.413201.22.5 1.61.8549320121.25 61.81.51.3 2085 51.42.291.81.51.41.351.420 11.9 2.35 1.11.41.52.3 920 91.4 1.52.11.8 52.411.31.61.25 1.51.45 311.41.41.520 52.413201.22.5 1.61.8549320 2085 1.52.12031.51.35 1.56 5138 2081.81.52.3 1.51.45 311.4 1.51.41.22.5 72.151.91.9 1.51.8 1.311.15 1.61.81.571.41.51.951.9 2.39208 1.31.51.85 1.51.8 1.251.91.9 31.51.469451.435 91.4 2085 311.95 2.39208 2085 495 20851.85 91.9 2.11.22091.312051.22.5 1.41.5 2.11.4351.820191.4202.5 9201.9 1.31.52091.51.4 91.9 71.52.251.81.454 22.5 1.212.31.9 1.56 1.353811.4931.9 1.51.41.22.5 9202.71.9 102.11.920 1.8511.21.22.5 811.84 201.5 201.8135 11.44 2085 91.4920911.2 31.51.4492091.51.41.9 1.56 2085 2081.81.52.3 496651.8 5138 2091.35 20851.85 1.312.5 25 311.951.9 2081.52.178 2.3851.85 20851.85 91.9 91.4851.851.420 2.11.4351.820191.4202.5 22.120 91.4 5920851.8 311.95 61.51.8 11.4 52.42051.81.411.2 1.521.951.82.251.8 5138 1.452.3 1.52.12031.51.35 91.9 1.41.520 452051.81.391.491.92093 1.41.52.3 1.61.81.521291.29202.5 91.4 9201.9 1.8511.2 2.31.51.81.24 1.951.41.95 1.56 2085 2.31.51.84 91.9 51.91.951.420911.21.22.5 2085 1.3511.92.11.85 1.56 351.820191.4202.5 1.56 11.4 52.251.420 201.5 1.5332.11.8 2085 1.61.81.521291.29202.5 1.56 1 351.820191.4 52.251.420 91.9 2.11.49202.5 2085 1.61.81.521291.29202.5 1.56 11.4 91.31.61.51.91.9921.25 52.251.420 91.9 2.651.81.5 2085 1.61.81.521291.29202.5 1.56 1 1.9201.53811.92093 52.251.420 91.9 1.91.51.352.3851.85 25202.3551.4 2.651.81.5 11.44 2.11.49202.5 2085 71.8512051.8 2085 1.61.81.521291.29202.5 2085 1.31.51.85 1.291.151.22.5 91.9 2085 52.251.420 201.5 1.5332.11.8
But this looks suspicious and betrays a cipher. We now need to instill this with a look of an unknown language. I would not invent a new alphabet, but just encode the numbers with pairs of letters using the table chart where A, O, I, D, S are rows, and R, N, L, M, Y, G are columns , and our numbers from 1 to 27 fill this table sequentially from left to right and from top to bottom. For example, 1 = AR, because A is the first row and R is the first column. Likewise, 2.3 = DY because number 23 happens to fit the cell of fourth row, fifth column. (I'm lazy to type the table, but surely you understand the principle). The choice of the number of rows/columns, as well as of letters, is arbitrary - I just tried to mimic the EVA bigram patterns, but I did not dedicate more than five minutes to that, so the result in this respect is not very close. However, it is good in terms of entropy - it is 3.42 - higher than with digits and dots, but lower that plain text and (still) lower than Voynich.
The text is this:
Code: dnonay alilinalayimdn ilag ayindnigilimsr olin dralolayinalay dnonay inildnolilin ilag ayindnigilimsr oldr dldrayam agilig dmarigolildldr arimimogolalardnolilindr olin amolagagayigayindn agolayogamdr ilag dralolayinalay irildrdn inildnaranogsr olin imonsrdrolaldr arinam olin olinagiligirardnolilin dnonayiligsr arogog dnonildray ayindnigilimolaydr arigay dnildnarogogsr amolagagayigayindn dnonolinordr onardmolinor amolagagayigayindn amayagolinoldnolilindr arinam arimimogolayam dnil amolagagayigayindn imonayinilirayinar dnonaysr arigay dlinoldnayam onildyaydmayig inildn ilinogsr ansr dnonay aliliririlin inariray andldn arogdril ansr dnonay orayinayigarog onoloron ogaydmayog imonologildrilimonolalarog dlinamayigdrdnarinamolinor ilag ayindnigilimsr ardr irayardrdligay ilag amoldmayigdroldnsr ilig amoldriligamayig dnonay onoloronayig dnonay ayindnigilimsr ilag driliraydnonolinor dnonay iriligay amoldmayigdray ilig ogaydrdr iligamayigayam oldr dnonardn driliraydnonolinor onildyaydmayig dyay amil inildn inayayam dnil alilindrolamayig irdlogdnolimogay arimimogolalardnolilindr arinam dyologog anay ogoliroldnayam dnil dnonay agolayogam ilag olinagiligirardnolilin dnonayiligsr ayindnigilimsr olin olinagiligirardnolilin dnonayiligsr oldr alogildrayogsr igayogardnayam dnil dnonay inildnolilin ilag olinagiligirardnolilin onayinalay oldn oldr olirimiligdnarindn dnil dlinamayigdrdnarinam dnonay ogardndnayig andldn olin dndligin dnonay alilinalayimdn ilag olinagiligirardnolilin oldr alogildrayogsr dnolayam dnil dnonay inildnolilin ilag imigilanaranologoldnsr dril dnonay agoligdrdn dnonolinor dyay inayayam oldr dnil onardmay dnonay anardrolal dlinamayigdrdnarinamolinor ilag imigilanaranologoldnsr dnonay anardrolaldr ilag imigilanaranologoldnsr aydmayindndr arinam imigilanaranologoldnsr imigilanaranologoldnsr oldr ilinay ilag dnonay anardrolal arinam irildrdn olirimiligdnarindn inildnolilindr olin dralolayinalay arinam dnondldr arimimigilaralonaydr dnil oldndr agiligirarog amayagolinoldnolilin arigay dmarigolildldr ogdlaloyologsr agilig dnonay imdligimildraydr ilag dnonoldr dndldniligolarog dyay amilinsldn inayayam dnil olindnigilamdlalay agiligirarog amayagolinoldnolilindr ilag imigilanaranologoldnsr oldn oldr drdlagagolalolayindn omdldrdn dnil dlinamayigdrdnarinam dyonardn oldn oldr aranildldn dnonay aydgoldrdnayinalay ilag ildlig dyiligogam irayarindr dnonardn dmarigolildldr aydmayindndr amil ilalaldlig inil irardndnayig dyonardn oldr dnonay aydmayindn aydmayindndr arogdyarsrdr ilalaldlig olin alayigdnarolin ayindmoligilinirayindndr arin ayindmoligilinirayindn oldr aydrdrayindnolarogogsr omdldrdn ar draydn ilag alayigdnarolin alilinamoldnolilindr olin ar oroldmayin ayindmoligilinirayindn arin aydmayindn irarsr ilig irarsr inildn ilalaldlig ilig amolagagayigayindn aydmayindndr irarsr ilalaldlig ilinay ilag dnonay agardmiligoldnay aydgaririmogaydr olin ilinaysldr aydgimogarinardnolilin ilag imigilanaranologoldnsr oldr dnonigildyolinor amolalay ogaydnsldr arogdril dnaroyay dnonardn agilig ologogdldrdnigardnolilin olin dnonoldr aydgaririmogay dnonay ayindmoligilinirayindn dyildlogam anay anaydrolamay dnonay dmayigsr imigilalayamdligay dnonardn dnonay amolay oldr dnil anay igilogogayam dnonay draydn ilag aloligaldlirdrdnarinalaydr olin dyonolalon dnonay dnonigildyolinor dnaroyaydr imogaralay agoligdrdn dnonayigay oldr ar amolay dyoldnon droldg agaralaydr ayaralon onardmolinor ilinay ilag dnonay indliranayigdr agigilir ilinay dnil droldg ardrdrilalolardnayam dyoldnon oldn inaydgdn dnonayigay oldr dnonay imogaralay dyonayigay dnonay amolay oldr dnonigildyin imayigonarimdr ar dnaranogay olin ar igililir ogardrdn dnonayigay oldr dnonay imayigdrilin dyonil dnonigildydr dnonay amolay dnonay aydmayindndr dnonardn dyay alilindrolamayig olin dnonoldr aydgaririmogay arigay dnonay indliranayigdr orildn dyonayin dnonay amolay oldr igilogogayam oldn oldr olirimiligdnarindn dnil arogdyarsrdr igayirayiranayig dnonardn dnonay ayindmoligilinirayindn irarsr olinagogdlayinalay dnonay ildldnaliliray agilig olindrdnarinalay olag dnonay amolay oldr irarindlagaraldndligayam olin driliray inilindrsririraydnigolalarog dyarsr dnonoldr ilag alildligdray dyildlogam olinagogdlayinalay dnonay ildldnaliliray ogoloyaydyoldray dnonay ildldnaliliray irarsr amayimayinam ilin arinsr drimayalolagolal alarigayagdlog dyarsr olin dyonolalon dnonay imayigdrilin dnonigildydr dnonay amolay arinam dril ilin agilig dnonoldr ildlig aydgaririmogay dyay dyologog ardrdrdliray dnonardn dnonay ayindmoligilinirayindn amilaydr inildn iraroyay arinsr ilag dnonay imildrdrolanogay ildldnaliliraydr iriligay ogoloyayogsr dnil ilalaldlig dnonarin dnonay ildnonayigdr arogdnonildloron olin irildrdn ildnonayig dralayinarigolildr dnonoldr oldr inildn dnonay alardray onildyaydmayig oldn oldr aydmolamayindn dnonardn dnonay ayindmoligilinirayindn arogdyarsrdr imogaralaydr alilindrdnigarolindndr ilin dyonardn aydmayindndr arigay imildrdrolanogay arinam dyonardn arigay inildn aydgayirimogol origardnolar olin dnonay amaydraligolanayam ayindmoligilinirayindn oldn oldr olirimildrdrolanogay dnil oraydn dnonay ildldnaliliray ilag draydmayin drolirimogsr anayalardldray dnonayigay oldr inil drdlalon indliranayig ilin dnonay amolay olag dnonayigay dyayigay drdlalon indliranayig olin ildnonayig dyiligamdr olag dnonay amolay dyardr amolagagayigayindn dnonoldr ildldnaliliray dyildlogam onardmay anayayin imildrdrolanogay andldn dnonardn irayarindr arinildnonayig ayindmoligilinirayindn inildy olin ar oroldmayin ayindmoligilinirayindn dnonigayay dnsrimaydr ilag aydmayindndr irarsr anay alilindrolamayigayam agoligdrdn ilinay alarin olirarorolinay aydmayindndr dnonardn inaydmayig ilalaldlig drdlalon aydmayindndr arigay alarogogayam olirimildrdrolanogay ardr arogigayaramsr drdlororaydrdnayam dnonay ildldnaliliray ilag draydmayin oldr arin aydgaririmogay ilag drdlalon aydmayindn drayalilinam dnonayigay irarsr anay aydmayindndr dyonolalon arogdyarsrdr ilalaldlig drdlalon aydmayindndr arigay alarogogayam alayigdnarolin arin aydgaririmogay ilag drdlalon dyildlogam anay dnonay aydmayindn amaydraligolanayam ardr ildldnaliliray ilag arinsr indliranayig olin dnonay igarinoray ilag ilinay dnil droldg dnonigildyolinor dnonay amolay srildl arogdyarsrdr oraydn ar indliranayig agigilir ilinay dnil droldg dril dnonardn aydmayindn oldr omdldrdn alayigdnarolin dnil ilalaldlig dnonoligam dnonayigay irarsr anay aydmayindndr dyonolalon irarsr ilig irarsr inildn ilalaldlig drdlalon aydmayindndr arigay alarogogayam drdnilalonardrdnolal dyonolalon aydrdrayindnolarogogsr irayarindr dnonardn dnonaysr arigay orildmayiginayam ansr alonarinalay arin aydgaririmogay oldr dnonay ildldnaliliray ilag ar imarigdnolaldlogarig indliranayig aydgayirimogol origardnolar indliranayig dnonigayay oldn oldr dyiligdnon inildnolinor dnonardn dnonay imigilanogayir ilag dyonardn oldr alonarinalay dmayigdrdldr inayalaydrdroldnsr arinam onildy oldn oldr igayogardnayam dnil alardldray arinam ayagagayaldn oldr arin olirimiligdnarindn oldrdrdlay olin imonologildrilimonsr agilig ildlig imdligimildraydr dyay alarin alilindrolamayig alonarinalay ardr driliraydnonolinor inildn aydgaraldnogsr imigayamolaldnaranogay agigilir dnonay ayindmoligilinirayindn ardr dyay oyinildy oldn olin ildlig aydgaririmogay ilinay alarininildn aydgaraldnogsr imigayamolaldn dnonay ildldnaliliray ilag ayaralon dnonigildy ilinay alarin ilinogsr ordlaydrdr ilig iraroyay imigilorinildraydr dyoldnon iriligay ilig ogaydrdr alilinagolamayinalay olin dnonay alardray dyoldnon dnonay amolay dnonayigay oldr dlogdnolirardnayogsr inil dlinalayigdnarolindnsr oldndr irildnolilin oldr orildmayiginayam ansr ogardydr ilag irayalonarinolaldr ilinogsr oldnsldr omdldrdn igayarogogsr onarigam dnil dnigaralay arinam dnonay olinoldnolarog alilinamoldnolilindr ilag dnonay dnonigildy amolagagayig ayaralon dnoliray dnonayigay irarsr anay alardraydr dnonildloron dyonayigay dnonayigay oldr olinonayigayindn dlinalayigdnarolindnsr andldn olin ayoldnonayig alardray agilig arin aydgdnayiginarog ilandrayigdmayig ayaralon inaydy ildldnaliliray oldr inildn amaydnayigirolinoldrdnolal inildy imigilanaranologoldnsr olin oldndr igayarog dyiligogam drayindray ilag dnonay dyiligam oldr aydrdrayindnolarogogsr dnonay irayardrdligay ilag alayigdnarolindnsr ilag arin aydmayindn dnil ilalaldlig dnonay imigilanaranologoldnsr ilag ar alayigdnarolin aydmayindn oldr dlinoldnsr dnonay imigilanaranologoldnsr ilag arin olirimildrdrolanogay aydmayindn oldr snayigil dnonay imigilanaranologoldnsr ilag ar drdnilalonardrdnolal aydmayindn oldr driliraydyonayigay anaydndyayayin snayigil arinam dlinoldnsr dnonay origayardnayig dnonay imigilanaranologoldnsr dnonay iriligay ogoloyayogsr oldr dnonay aydmayindn dnil ilalaldlig
Note that the second step (digits and dots) is not really necessary. One could fill the encoding table with plain text characters at once. I just used that step to exclude ambiguities when I did "search & replace" in MS Word.
One may note the peculiar "morphology" and "grammar" of the ciphertext - some characteristic repetitiveness of the inner structure and restricted nature of word endings. We may introduce some false spaces to keep words shorter.
Of course this is not Voynichese yet - you see that all words are forced to an even number of characters, there are no gallows or gallows coverage, or some other features of the Voynich, so this is just an example.
But I have a gut feeling that something like this is going on there...
RE: Character entropy of Voynichese - Koen G - 05-01-2017
Wonderful example, Anton. It shows how entropy can be decreased and also rather effectvely why some people believe spaces must be fake.
I have a feeling though, that making it mimic more properties of Voynichese will be, as we say in Dutch, a whole other pair of sleeves: much more difficult.
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