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15thc perception on swallowtail merlons? - Printable Version

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RE: Funny or Weird things in other manuscripts - Mauro - 31-07-2026

I've seen the You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. is included in the You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.. But I think the swallowtail merlons in the picture are not the medieval ones: according to wikipedia:

Quote:... il mastio, dentro la cui parete si possono ancora oggi notare tracce di merlatura ghibellina (... the keep, where it's possible to notice even today traces of ghibellin merlons embedded in the wall).
The keep itself was built (wikipedia says) in 1337.


I know of two other buildings in Brescia with swallowtails merlons.

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Quote:Nel Duecento viene integralmente ricostruita durante le operazioni di fortificazione della cittadella nuova promosse dai Visconti, assumendo l'aspetto attuale con un grande voltone di copertura al passaggio e la merlatura ghibellina a coronamento. (In the XIIIth century it was wholly rebuilt during the fortification works of the new citadel by the Visconti, achieving its current form with a vault covering the passage and the ghibellin merlons on top).

Nowadays the clefts in the merlons have been filled (I don't know when).


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One of the city landmarks. The merlons are however late, they were added between 1476 and 1481.


RE: 15thc perception on swallowtail merlons? - Pierre Dumont Himself - 04-08-2026

Quote: I've seen the Castello di Brescia is included in the Map of swallowtail merlons. But I think the swallowtail merlons in the picture are not the medieval ones: according to wikipedia
I'm going to need more time with Brescia because of its complicated urabn history, but you are right about the castle. The merlons were added for the 1904 expo, when the castle grounds were opened to the public for the first time. In the late 19th century, the castle was used as a prison, and Captain Sorelli oversaw its renovation using prison labor in preparation for that expo. The merlons are clearly visible in photographs from 1904, but not in 1897, 1898 or September 1900. 
[Image: 1880-GIACOMO-ROSSETTI-MILITARI-E-FAMIGLI...Rescia.jpg]
Photograph from 1880, before Sorelli's interventions. 
Unfortunately, I couldn't find any trace of the merlons in contemporary images, but I assume they wouldn't have been mentioned if they did not exist. There is also independent evidence that the castle and the walls had swallowtail merlons in the Middle Ages, which I will hopefully be able to present this week.

Torre della Bruciata:
Quote: Nowadays the clefts in the merlons have been filled (I don't know when).
It doesn't really matter if it happened in the late sixteenth century, when the gate was rebuilt, or at some later date. The merlons (and the gate) were also repaired with brick, but the crucial point is that at least some of them are made entirely of stone, which was the only material used in Brescia until the early 15th century.
[Image: Brescia_Torre_Porta_bruciata_6_by_Stefan...t=original]

Quote: Torre della Pallata
One of the city landmarks. The merlons are however late, they were added between 1476 and 1481.
You have to thank the Venetians, whose archives survived better than anyone else's. 

Quote: I know of two other buildings in Brescia with swallowtails merlons.
There is also the Torre del Pégol in the main square, whose swallowtail merlons were added in the early 19th century by the architect Rodolfo Vantini.


RE: 15thc perception on swallowtail merlons? - MarcoP - 05-08-2026

Not about the castle, but I posted this from Brescia one year ago

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RE: 15thc perception on swallowtail merlons? - Pierre Dumont Himself - 05-08-2026

Well spotted! This should have been added to the map. 
Quote:Berardo Maggi was both bishop and lord of Brescia (not very common, I think).
Pierfabio Panazza explains that the Church's influence was higher in Brescia than in other cities because of the central role it played in the city's growth from the 4th century onward. All urbanization and reurbanization happened away from the old core surrounding the Foro, instead developing around the cathedrals, churches and monasteries, both within and beyond the walls. The city thus became a vassal to the Bishop and the Monastero di Santa Giulia. 

Quote: I due interventi di maggior impatto urbanistico della prima età comunale hanno dunque come protagoniste le massime autorità civiche, che tuttavia sono sottoposte a vincoli di vassallaggio sia al vescovo, sia alle badesse di Santa Giulia. Tali rapporti di “sudditanza” costituiscono forse la premessa della scelta di edificare la sede delle magistrature civili non solo su un’area confinante con le due cattedrali, ma addirittura lungo il loro medesimo allineamento: non in antitesi al potere ecclesiastico, dunque, come accadrà in altri Comuni lombardi, ma in un rapporto di reciproca attenzione. L’edificio, ricordato in un documento del 1183 (laubia lignorum), sorge infatti poco più a nord della cattedrale di San Pietro, su un’area venduta nel 1187 dai canonici al Comune.

Berardo Maggi's rise to power was preceded by successive waves of monastic orders settling inside the new (1237-1254) city limits, which enhanced the church's role as service providers and political mediators. 

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Pierfabio Pierpiero Panazza - Brescia nel XII-XV secolo. La creazione della forma urbana e i grandi cantieri 
in La città del Leone: Brescia nell'età dei comuni e delle signorie  a cura di Matteo Ferrari. 
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RE: 15thc perception on swallowtail merlons? - Koen G - 06-08-2026

I just remembered that when I was in New York last year, I spotted some potential swallowtail merlons at an exhibition.

   

This is from Morgan MS M.877, ca. 1300 Venice. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

I notice there's another Burchard on our map, which appears to be in limbo regarding its confirmation.


RE: 15thc perception on swallowtail merlons? - DG97EEB - 06-08-2026

(06-08-2026, 08:02 AM)Koen G Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.I just remembered that when I was in New York last year, I spotted some potential swallowtail merlons at an exhibition.



This is from Morgan MS M.877, ca. 1300 Venice. You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.

I notice there's another Burchard on our map, which appears to be in limbo regarding its confirmation.

And interestingly although probably not surprisingly..

"Provenance: Purchased from a Swiss dealer in 1955 by H.P. Kraus, New York; purchased from H. P. Kraus as Gift of the Fellows with the assistance of Mrs. Louis M. Rabinowitz and Mrs. Lester A. Le Wars in 1956."


RE: 15thc perception on swallowtail merlons? - Pierre Dumont Himself - 06-08-2026

Added. I believe all, or most, 14th-century maps from Venice that have merlons are somehow connected but I don't have time to investigate this at the moment. Please DM me if you come across any maps from this period, even if they don't have merlons.
The link to Koen's paper (page 22 on the thread) has been dead for a while, though thankfully it can be recovered via the Wayback. This appears to be a recurring issue on the forum, so I recently decided to add more direct quotes from websites and references to books and academic papers.
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Burchard of Mount Sion and the Holy Land. Ingrid Baumgärtner, Universität Kassel (2013)

Can anyone find a full-resolution scan of the MS M.877?


RE: 15thc perception on swallowtail merlons? - Koen G - 06-08-2026

(06-08-2026, 12:03 PM)Pierre Dumont Himself Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.Can anyone find a full-resolution scan of the MS M.877?

Unfortunately, the segment I posted earlier is the only picture I took. It was extremely crowded at that moment, and I didn't have the chance for full documentation, more of a "quickly snap what you can" kind of situation. If I had known that the official scan was little more than a thumbnail, I would have done more...

 - - - 

Okay, so I found the page of the exhibition at the Morgan, and it linked to this map, which is much better: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.


RE: 15thc perception on swallowtail merlons? - Pierre Dumont Himself - 06-08-2026

More swallowtail merlons with something in the middle, like those at the Palazzo Trinci and in a 1500-1550 painting of Verona by Nicola Giolfino:
[Image: 2026-08-06-17h21-49.png]
[Image: Loggia_di_romolo_e_remo_04_nascita_di_ro...t=original]
[Image: Nicola_giolfino%2C_storie_di_santa_barba...t=original]


RE: 15thc perception on swallowtail merlons? - DG97EEB - 07-08-2026

We have Rhodes on the map already but not sure Konrad Van Grünenburg''s map has been discussed from 1487. Lovely manuscript and full of castles..and quite a lot of swallowtails (c.f. pages 38,39,40 which are Croatia),..  the one attached is of Rhodes

Here's a link to the full pdf Handschriften / Beschreibung der Reise von Konstanz nach Jerusalem - Cod. St. Peter pap. 32 You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.