The Voynich Ninja

Full Version: Could the Voynich Author Be a "Ramanujan-style" Anomaly?
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Hi everyone. Since the title is quite short, let me expand on it right here: I want to share a thought experiment about whether the author of the Voynich Manuscript could have been a "Ramanujan-style" anomaly.

Let me start by introducing someone I find more and more absurd the more I think about him: Srinivasa Ramanujan. He was an Indian mathematician, born in 1887 and died in 1920, only 32 years old. He had almost no formal higher education in mathematics and taught himself from a book of formulas. Later he wrote to the British mathematician Hardy and enclosed a pile of formulas. Hardy first thought he was a madman, but the more he looked, the more shocked he became.

Ramanujan left behind nearly 4,000 mathematical formulas, propositions, and results. Many had no derivation at all—just answers. He said a goddess told him in his dreams. At the time, many mathematicians couldn't understand them, and some even thought they were nonsense. But later? Most were proven correct, a few were wrong, and many remain unproven to this day. Even more absurdly, his work later showed up in modular forms, black hole entropy, string theory, and other fields. Hardy reportedly rated him 100 and himself 25.

I've always felt Ramanujan was not a genius in the ordinary sense. Several things about him are too anomalous:

No process: often no derivation, just the answer;

Pure intuition: as if he could directly "see" the result in his head;

Sustained output: not one lucky hit, but thousands of results;

High accuracy: most were later confirmed to be correct;

Ahead of his time: many results were only understood decades or centuries later;

Mysterious origin: he said a goddess came to him in dreams; no one can explain how he did it.

So some people say Ramanujan's existence shows that the upper limit of humanity is not a fixed ceiling, but a hole that is occasionally punched through by some anomaly.

Then I thought of the Voynich Manuscript. It is a medieval book, carbon-dated to around 1404–1438. It is full of an unknown script, with illustrations of plants, astronomy, human figures, and so on. For centuries, no one has been able to decipher it. It is not simple gibberish, because its statistical features resemble those of natural language—word frequency, information entropy, and so on look like language. Who wrote it, what the script is, and why it was written remain a complete mystery.

So I had a thought experiment: If Ramanujan could write down large numbers of formulas that no one understood at the time and that were later verified, could the author of the Voynich Manuscript also have been some kind of “Ramanujan-style” anomaly?

Not Ramanujan in the mathematical sense, but rather: someone who had a system in his head that we still cannot decode, or who could directly “see” some kind of structure and wrote it down in an unknown script. We can't understand it, just as people at the time couldn't understand Ramanujan.

If we put Ramanujan and the Voynich Manuscript author side by side, the shared ingredients might be:

No process: Ramanujan had no derivations; the manuscript has no process we can read;

Pure intuition: Ramanujan said a goddess came to him in dreams; the manuscript author may also have drawn on some kind of intuition or mystical system we don't understand;

Sustained output: Ramanujan left nearly 4,000 results; the manuscript is also many pages of sustained writing;

High accuracy / ahead of its time: Ramanujan has been verified; if there is real knowledge behind the manuscript, it might also be correct and ahead of its time—we just can't verify it;

Mysterious origin: Ramanujan's source is mysterious; the manuscript's author, script, and purpose are all unknown.

Of course, the biggest difference is: Ramanujan's work can be verified. A mathematical formula is either right or wrong, and later generations can prove it. The Voynich Manuscript cannot be verified. We haven't even found its encoding rules, so we have no idea whether there is real knowledge in it at all.

So I'm not saying the manuscript is definitely real knowledge, nor that its author was definitely a second Ramanujan. I just think Ramanujan's existence suggests there may have been more than one of these “glitch accounts” in human history. Some left behind verifiable mathematics; others left behind a black box we still can't open.

Could the Voynich Manuscript be that kind of black box? If there really is knowledge behind it, could its author also be a Ramanujan-style figure? Only instead of leaving verifiable formulas, he left a system we haven't been able to crack for centuries.

I'm only 16, so this is just a speculation. I know there are probably many counterarguments, but I still wanted to put it out there as an idea.
I think you have put forward a good and interesting argument. I wouldn't go as far as you have.

However, I think is not unreasonable to argue that as the Voynich manuscript is a very unusual historical object the person who produced it may have been an unusual person with unusual abilities. If the person who wrote the manuscript was a true genius then it would make it that much harder to decipher.
The answer to “Could it be …?” is always “Yes.”

如果只是问“有没有可能……”,答案永远是“有可能”。 Wink Wink Wink

I find the cipher too unstructured given its complex structure, with too many exceptions—that doesn't fit with a genius.
It seems that the author’s knowledge, particularly the knowledge he presented in the book, was quite modern for his time. For example, he must have had some understanding of herbalism and astrology.
I believe it is more likely that the author did not discover something great or anticipate some kind of discovery. Rather, he wanted to understand a topic that was atypical for the 15th century, but due to a lack of knowledge, he arrived at incorrect conclusions.
 
Perhaps he was trying to engage in You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.. Perhaps he wanted to learn more about You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.. However, back then, knowledge was rather limited, and so the author could explain it in his own way. 

What about the cipher? Well, it’s most likely based on homophonic ciphers of that time, just made more complex in its own way.
(21-09-2026, 12:53 PM)ololololo Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.It seems that the author’s knowledge, particularly the knowledge he presented in the book, was quite modern for his time. For example, he must have had some understanding of herbalism and astrology.

And yet doesn't know what a lobster looks like, despite probably having access to manuscripts depicting lobsters.

A lot of the illustrations in the VMS are simply dumb. The animals in Q13 next to the mermaid are totally anatomically wrong. Basic things like proportions, body types of animals are comparable to drawings made by absolute art-less amateur peasants, if not worse.

In fact, I'd even go as far as to say the VMS "artist" hasn't the slightest clue what a lobster even is. The same goes for other animals. What kind of person has never seen dogs, horses and lobsters?

And yet, the drawings in the astronomical section have a sublime original artistic feel to them. It is so incredibly strange.
(21-09-2026, 12:53 PM)ololololo Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.It seems that the author’s knowledge, particularly the knowledge he presented in the book, was quite modern for his time. For example, he must have had some understanding of herbalism and astrology.

But those two subjects were not at all "modern for his time".  Herbals and astrological handbooks/charts had been produced since Classical Antiquity, and were widely available by that time.

On the other hand, the plants in the Herbal section were not recognized by doctors at the tme (see Baresch's letter to Kircher), and the structure of the Zodiac diagrams seem quite original.

Quote:Perhaps he wanted to learn more about anatomy. However, back then, knowledge was rather limited, and so the author could explain it in his own way.

My impression is that the "anatomical" images in the Bio/Bathing section are more the product of the Author's guesses and/or fantasies than based on first-hand observation or copied from books of anatomy that existed at the time.

Quote:What about the cipher? Well, it’s most likely based on homophonic ciphers of that time, just made more complex in its own way.

AFAIK, by that time (before 1450 or so) there were hardly any books on cryptography.  Governments employed cryptographers, but the few ciphers I have seen described here were only complex enough to resist cracking with the methods known at the time.  

It is always possible that the VMS Author invented on his own a cipher so hard to crack that hundreds of modern cryptographers could not get even a tiny clue about its nature.

However, I don't think that private individuals like scholars and merchants would have felt the need to use anything much more complicated than a letter substitution cipher with homophones and nulls, plus some abbreviations.  Especially to encrypt a whole book, instead of a letter.  

In particular, I cannot believe that the VMS was encoded with a codebook cipher (where each word is replaced by an arbitrary string, like a number, according to a separate dictionary).  Decription of such a text is way too slow. 

As for schemes like the Naibbe cipher (that encodes each letter of the original with a whole Voynichese token), they would have the same problem, and additionally would waste too much time and vellum (at least 6 times as much as a simple letter substitution cipher).  Besides, the labels seem to exclude any verbose cipher scheme.

All the best, --stolfi
(22-09-2026, 06:44 AM)JustAnotherTheory Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.What kind of person has never seen dogs, horses and lobsters?
The author probably didn’t need to put in much effort. He didn’t want to put her on display, which meant there was no point in carefully depicting every animal and person.
(22-09-2026, 06:44 AM)JustAnotherTheory Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.And yet, the drawings in the astronomical section have a sublime original artistic feel to them. It is so incredibly strange.
What do you mean? The astrological section is also quite simple and has its own rough edges.
(22-09-2026, 08:16 AM)Jorge_Stolfi Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.My impression is that the "anatomical" images in the Bio/Bathing section are more the product of the Author's guesses and/or fantasies than based on first-hand observation or copied from books of anatomy that existed at the time.
He definitely didn’t copy illustrations from books; that would be very strange... As for the fantasies, I can say that I can agree with them partially. Some objects look quite similar to organs in appearance, but otherwise it’s very difficult to identify or even describe anything.
(22-09-2026, 08:16 AM)Jorge_Stolfi Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.But those two subjects were not at all "modern for his time"
I meant that he wasn’t ahead of his time in terms of knowledge.
(22-09-2026, 08:16 AM)Jorge_Stolfi Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.a letter substitution cipher with homophones and nulls, plus some abbreviations
Why can’t Voynichese be it? Smile
(22-09-2026, 11:15 AM)ololololo Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
(22-09-2026, 08:16 AM)Jorge_Stolfi Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.a letter substitution cipher with homophones and nulls, plus some abbreviations
Why can’t Voynichese be it? Smile
For one thing, because such a cipher would have been cracked long ago.  

But also because the encrypted text would not have the statistics and word structure of Voynichese.   

I know of only two encryption schemes that could do that: a You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view., and the Naibbe cipher.  Both are rather laborious to encode and decode.  The latter is also very inefficient -- it uses 6x as much time and vellum as any reasonable cipher.  And it is not clear how one could be sure to obtain a Zip-compliant text with it.

Furthermore, in order to produce the Voynichese word structure, both of those methods require complicated rules with no visible justification.  A codebook cipher with ordinary Arabic or Roman numbers would be just as hard to crack as one whose numbers fit the Voynichese word model.  A Naibbe cipher would be just as safe and (in)efficient if it used simpler prefixes, midfixes, and postfixes, together with some nulls.

All the best, --stolfi
(22-09-2026, 01:48 PM)Jorge_Stolfi Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.For one thing, because such a cipher would have been cracked long ago.
Imagine that I wanted to complicate the homophonic cipher with nulls by doing the following:
1). By assigning various numerical values to the letters
2). Marking vowels in words as two symbols separated by a space.
3). By distributing the letters within the word into anagrams.
4). And having created a second alphabet, he applied it to his own cipher wheel.

Something similar is likely to be done by a non‑expert — they will make something that already exists more complicated rather than creating something new.

Also, this argument “they would have cracked it long ago” doesn’t work. For example, there’s Cryptos — a somewhat more complex version of the Vigenère cipher. The last text on the tablet hasn’t been deciphered yet (even with the clues). Is this nonsense? 

There are Bale’s cryptograms. One of the texts was cracked manually (!), and in our world of technology, it would be a piece of cake to crack it. Maybe it’s not a cipher after all?
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