The middle image shows the 12 winds. Here is a description:
Quote:Diagram of the Winds (I) — "The T-O map of the inhabited world occupies the center of this wheel-shaped diagram. Twelve profile busts of the winds, their Latin names provided in encircling bands, are depicted in the diagram's wide outer ring; the narrower, unpainted ring just within it contains the winds' Greek names. The four major winds are associated with the four cardinal directions, with East located at the top of the wheel. The busts of the winds blow toward the Earth at the center of the diagram, and their breath, represented as green strokes, flows into the wheel's "spokes." Each spoke bears a brief characterization of the associated wind, and these are expressed mainly in the first-person, as if spoken by the wind itself. Thus, the spokes of this diagram function like speech bubbles in a modern cartoon."
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Such representations existed more often. Here is a comparative image in the "Cotton MS Tiberius E IV", fol. 30r: You are not allowed to view links.
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Here is another example from the eleventh century:
BNF, MS lat. 7028, fol. 156r
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Perhaps the following is interesting to read ( you must log in to read the whole article ) :
Wind Diagrams and Medieval Cosmology, By Barbara Obrist
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About the last image ( British library: Yates Thompson MS 31, folio 72r, "four seasons", 4th quarter of the 14th century. ):
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Some background information (-ChatGTP-):
Bede's work, "De temporum ratione" (The Reckoning of Time), does discuss the four seasons, elements, and humours within the context of his larger treatise on timekeeping and calendar calculations.
In "De temporum ratione," Bede provides a detailed account of the calendar, including the division of the year into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. He explores the agricultural, astronomical, and meteorological aspects associated with each season. Bede also connects the seasons with the concept of the four elements (earth, air, fire, and water) and their corresponding humours (melancholic, sanguine, choleric, and phlegmatic) as understood in medieval cosmology and medical theory. ( end ChatGTP )
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It should be noted that the representation of the "four seasons" also has a tradition. There are both, figurative representations and purely text-based diagrams (e.g. Isidorus, Hispalensis: De natura rerum, You are not allowed to view links.
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Login to view. , fol. 5v., 8th century).
Quote:The diagram in BSB Clm 14300 illustrates the chapter on seasons (or literally “times”, De temporibus) and depicts the four seasons of the year according to their qualities (combinations of hot, cold, moist, dry) and cardinal directions. Winter (north) is cold and humid, spring (east) humid and warm, summer (south) warm and dry, and autumn (west) dry and cold. The connections and oppositions of the qualities and seasons are neatly illustrated with a circle divided by 4 + 4 arcs (qualities + seasons).
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edit:
Syzygia elementorum (lat.):
-------------------------------
ver > spring
aestas > summer
autumnus > autumn
hiemps > winter
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