Fascinating subject. There's a ton of stuff on the net.
I think there are 2 questions here, the first by bi3mw, the second by Koen G.
Q1) Time interval between creation of the parchment and when the ink was written onto the parchment.
Q2) Age of the ink itself.
A1. Don't think this has been studied. Can't fnd any info on the web so far.
A2. "there is currently no scientifically reliable method of dating inks" --The Birmingham Qur'an FAQ [1]
A1-Notes: One may hypothesize that properties of the parchment change over time
and this affects how the ink is absorbed into the parchment or some such process.
--I just made that up, no idea if its possible.
A2-Notes:
"It would be great if we could directly radiocarbon date the inks, but it is actually really difficult to do.
First, they are on a surface only in trace amounts" Hodgins said.
"The carbon content is usually extremely low.
Moreover, sampling ink free of carbon from the parchment on which it sits is currently beyond our abilities.
Finally, some inks are not carbon based, but are derived from ground minerals. They're inorganic, so they don't contain any carbon."
--Greg hodgins talking about RC dating the VMS [2].
Technology is always advancing so there's always hope.
This paper from August 2019 is about using Raman spectoscopy to estimate dates of inks on egyptian papyri.
"This new and non-destructive method produces a statistically robust indication
of the antiquity and rough period (e.g., Ptolemaic, Roman, etc.) of the inks in question" [3]
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